10-01-89
RULES AND REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
TRIBAL PUBLIC DRINKING WATER
NARRAGANSETT INDIAN TRIBE
TITLE IV
SECTION 1303 - 1305
SECTION 16
NARRAGANSETT INDIAN TRIBE OF RHODE ISLAND
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
OCTOBER 1989 AS AMENDED
AS AMENDED
INTRODUCTION
These amended Rules and Regulations Pertaining to Public
Drinking Water (R46-13-DWS) are promulgated pursuant to the
authority conferred under section 1305-13-17 of the General
Laws of The Narragansett Indian Tribe, 1989, as amended, for
the purpose of adopting standards compatible with the 1986
standards of the United States Environmental Protection
Agency.
Pursuant to the provisions of section 1303-35-3(c) of
the General Laws of the Narragansett Indian Tribe, 1989, as
amended, the following were given consideration in arriving
at the amended regulations: (1) alternative approaches to
the regulations;
(2) duplication or overlap with other Tribal regulations; and
(3) significant economic impact place on small business as
defined in Section 1303-35 of the General Laws of the Tribe
which would result from the regulations. No alternative
approach, duplication or overlap, was identified based on
available information. The health, safety and welfare of the
citizens of this Tribe overrides any economic impact which
may result from these amended regulations. Consequently,
these rules are an adequate in the best interest of the
health and safety of the public.
These amended rules and regulation shall supersede any
other Rules and Regulations pertaining to Public Drinking
Water promulgated by the Department of Health and Land
and Water Resource Commission and filed with the Tribal
Clerk.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sections R46-13-DWS Page
1.0 Definitions 1
2.0 Coverage 5
3.0 New Water Sources 6
4.0 Approval of Treatment Works, Storage
and Pumping Facilities 7
5.0 Filtration and Disinfection 9
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Criteria for avoiding filtration
5.3 Disinfection
5.4 Filtration
5.5 Analytical and monitoring requirements
5.6 Monitoring requirements for systems
that do not provide filtration
5.7 Monitoring requirements for systems
using filtration equipment
5.8 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
6.0 Connections between Distribution Systems 30
7.0 Tanks Connected to Unsafe Supplies 30
8.0 Avoidance of Contamination in Tanks 31
9.0 Assurance of Safety in Public Supply 31
10.0 Correction of Unsafe Conditions 31
11.0 Reports as to Public Supplies 31
12.0 Certified Laboratories 31
13.0 Ground Water Microbiology 32
14.0 Consecutive Water System Monitoring 32
15.0 Variances and Exemptions 32
16.0 Community Water System Requirements 32
16.1 Inorganic Chemicals
16.2 Organic Chemicals
16.3 Turbidity
16.4 Microbiological
16.5 Radioactivity
16.6 Volatile Organic Chemicals
16.7 Unregulated Contaminants
16.8 Public Notification
16.9 Records
17.0 Non-Community Water System Requirements 52
17.1 Microbiological
17.2 Nitrate
17.3 Turbidity
17.4 Volatile Organic Chemicals
17.5 Unregulated Contaminants
17.6 Public Notification
17.7 Records
18.0 Certification of Operators of Drinking Water 56
Supply Facilities
18.1 Committee for certification of operators
of water supply treatment facilities
18.2 Certification process
18.3 Assistance to committee
18.4 Definitions
18.5 Duties of committee
18.6 Mandatory certification of public water
supply operator
18.7 Applications
18.8 Certification and revocation
18.9 Violation
19.0 Fee Schedule 60
20.0 Rules Governing Practices and Procedures 61
21.0 Severability 61
Appendix 1 62
Appendix 2 68
Appendix 3 80
Section 1.0 DEFINITIONS
Wherever used in these rules and regulations the
following terms shall be construed as follows:
1.1 "Best Available Technology" - means the best
technology, treatment techniques, or other means
which the EPA Administrator finds, after
examination for efficiency under field conditions
and not solely under laboratory conditions, are
available for a specific contaminant or category
of contaminants.
1.2 "Certified laboratory" means an analytical
laboratory licensed by the Narragansett Indian
Department of Health under Section 16.2
"Laboratories", to perform biological,
microbiological section, chemical or radiochemical
examination of potable water or a laboratory
exempt from this law as provided for in Section
1301 16.2-3 but which shall be certified by the
Tribal Certification official in accordance with
40 CFR 1422.10b.
1.3 "Coagulation" means a process using coagulant
chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and
suspended materials are destabilized and
agglomerated into flocs.
1.4 "Community Water System" - public water system
which serves at least 15 service connections used
by year-round residents or regularly serves at
least 25 year-round residents.
1.5 "Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial
growth covering the entire filtration area of a
membrane filter, or a portion thereof, in which
bacterial colonies are not discrete.
1.6 "Conventional filtration treatment" means a series
of processes including coagulation, floculation,
sedimentation, and filtration resulting in
substantial particulate removal.
1.7 "CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of "residual
disinfectant concentration" (C) in mg/l determined
before or at the first customer, and the
corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) in
minutes, i.e., "C" x "T", "CT99.9" is the CT value
required for 99.9 percent (3--log) inactivation of
Ciardia lamblia cysts. CT99.9 for a variety of
disinfectants and conditions appear in Tables 1.1-1.6
2.1, and 3.1 of Section 1303 CTcalc/CT99.9 is
the inactivation ratio. The sum of the
inactivation ratios, or total inactivation ratio
shown as the sum of (CTcalc) /(CT99.9) is
calculated by adding together the inactivation
ratio for each disinfection sequence. A total
inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is
assumed to provide a 3-log inactivation of Giaradia
lamblia cysts.
1.8 "Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process
resulting in substantial particulate removal
in which (1) a precoat cake of diatomaceous earth
filter media is deposited on a support membrane
(Septum), and (2) while the water is filtered by
passing through the cake on the septum, additional
filter media known as body feed is continuously
added to the feed water to maintain the
permeability of the filter cake.
1.9 "Direct filtration" means a series of processes
including coagulation and filtration but excluding
sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate
removal.
1.10 "Director" - means the Director of Narragansett
Indian Health Department working co-jointly with
the Chairman of the Land and Water Resource
Commission.
1.11 "Disinfectant contact time: ("T" in CT
calculations) means the time in minutes that it
takes for water to move from the point of
disinfectant application or the previous point
before or at the point where residual disinfectant
concentration ("C") is measured. Disinfectant
contact time in pipelines must be calculated based
on "plug flow" by dividing the internal volume of
the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through
the pipe. Disinfectant contact time within mixing
basins and storage reservoirs must be determined by
tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration.
1.12 "Disinfection" means a process which inactivates
pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants
or equivalent agents.
1.13 "Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing
problem: means a coliform contamination problem in
a public water system with more than one service
connection that is limited to the specific service
connection from which the coliform-positive sample
was taken.
1.14 "Dose Equivalent" - The absorbed dose form ionizing
radiation expressed in terms of Rads multiplied by
such a factor as account for differences in
biological effectiveness due to the type of
radiation and its distribution in the body as
specified by the International Commission on
Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
1.15 "Filtration" means a process for removing
particulate matter from water by passage through
porous media.
1.16 "Floculation" means a process to enhance
agglomeration or collection of smaller floc
particles into larger, more easily settleable
particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or
mechanical means.
1.17 "Gross Alpha Particle Activity" - The total
radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as
determined from measurements on a dry sample.
1.18 "Gross Beta Particle Activity" = The total
radioactivity due to beta particle emission as
determined from measurements on a dry sample.
1.19 "Ground water under the direct influence of surface
water" means any water beneath the surface of the
ground with (1) significant occurrence of insects or
other macroorganisms, algae, or larger diameter
pathogens such as Giardia lamblia, or (2)
significant and relatively rapid shifts in water
characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,
conductivity, or pH which is closely correlate to
climatological or surface water conditions. Direct
influence must be determined for individual sources
in accordance with criteria established by the
director. The director's determination of direct
influence may be based on site-specific measurements
of water quality and/or documentation of well
construction characteristics and geology with field
evaluation.
1.20 "Legionella" Means a genus of bacteria, some
species of which have caused a type of pneumonia
called Legionnaires Disease.
1.21 "Manmade Beta Particle and Photon Emitters" - All
radionuclides emitting beta particles and/or photons
listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and
Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides
in Air or Water for Occupational Exposure, NBS
Handbook 69, except the daughter products of theorem
-232, uranium -235, and uranium- 238.
1.22 "Maximum Contaminant Level" - The maximum
permissible level of a contaminant present in the
water determined at a point of entry into the
distribution system or at any point in the
distribution system as determined by the Director
based on the nature of the contaminants and/or other
relevant factors, with the following exceptions:
a) Turbidity contaminant Levels are applicable only
to a surface water source as determined at a
point of entry into the distribution system; and
b) Total trihalomethane contaminant levels are
applicable to disinfected community water
systems as described in section 16.2 herein.
c) Microbiological contaminant levels are
applicable to each point of entry into the
distribution and at any point in the
distribution system.
1.23 "Near the first service connection" means at one of
the 20 percent of all service connections in the
entire system that are nearest the water supply
treatment facility, as measured by water transport
time within the distribution system.
1.24 "Non-Community Water System"" - a public water system
that is not a community water system.
1.25 "Non-Transient Non-Community Water Systems" - A
non-community water system that regularly services at
least twenty-five (25) of the same persons over (6)
months per year.
1.26 "Person" - shall include an individual, partnership,
association, or corporation, or any town or city or
any agency thereof, or the state or any agency
thereof, or any other legal entity.
1.27 "Picocurie" (pCi)" - A unit of radioactivity equal to
2.22 nuclear transformations per minute.
1.28 "Point of disinfectant application" is the point
where the disinfectant is applied and water
downstream of that point is not subject to
recontamination by surface water runoff.
1.29 "Point-of-use treatment device" - A treatment device
applied to a single tap used for the purpose of
reducing contaminants in drinking water.
1.30 "Point-of-use treatment device" - A treatment device
applied to a single tap used for the purpose of
reducing contaminants in drinking water.
1.31 "Public Water Systems" - A system for the provision
to the public of piped water for human consumption,
provided such system has at least 15 service
connections or regularly serves an average of at
least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of
the year. The term "public water system" shall
include all sources, and facilities involved in
collecting, treating, storing and distributing the
water.
1.32 "Rad" - A unit of absorbed dose equal to 100 ergs
per gram in any medium. (100 rad = 1 gray)
1.33 "Rem" - The unit of dose equivalent from ionizing
radiation to the total body or any internal organ or
organ system. (100 rem = 1 slevert)
1.34 "Residual disinfectant concentration" ("C" in CT
calculation) means the concentration of disinfectant
measured in mg/1 in a representative sample of
water.
1.35 "Sanitary Survey" - An on-site review of the water
source, facilities, equipment, operation, and
maintenance of a public water system for the purpose
of evaluating the adequacy of such source,
facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance for
producing and distributing safe drinking water.
1.36 "Sedimentation" means a process for removal of solids
before filtration by gravity or separation.
1.37 "Slow sand filtration" means a process involving
passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low
velocity (generally less than 0.4 m/h or 1 gal./ft2/h
resulting ins substantial particulate removal by
physical and biological mechanisms.
1.38 "Surface water" means all water which is open to the
atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
1.39 "System with a single service connection" means a
system which supplies drinking water to consumers via
a single service line.
1.40 "Too numerous to count" means that the total number
of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter
membrane filter used for coliform detection.
1.41 "Water Purveyor" - Any person who owns or operates a
public water system.
1.42 "Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant
occurrence of acute infectious illness,
epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
water from a public water system which is deficient
in treatment, as determined by the appropriate local
or Tribal agency.
1.43 "Virus" means a virus of fecal origin which is
infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
Section 2.0 COVERAGE
2.1 These regulations apply to any public water system
unless a public water system meets all of the
following conditions:
a) The system consists only of distribution or
storage facilities (and does not have any
collection or treatment facilities);
b) The system obtains all of its water from a public
water system to which these regulations apply; and
c) The system does not sell water to any person.
2.2 General Requirements
a) No person shall develop, maintain, or operate a
public water supply system unless said system is
approved by the Director. Further, all public
water supply systems must be developed, operated,
and maintained in accordance with the requirements
and provisions of these regulations in order for a
public water supply system to maintain approval by
the Director
b) Should the Director find that a public water
supply system is not developed, maintained, or
operated in compliance with regulatory provisions,
he/she may revoke, suspend or otherwise limit the
approval previously granted.
c) The director is authorized to enter at all
reasonable times in or upon any private or public
property for the purpose carrying out the
provisions of these regulation or making an
inspection or investigation of a condition which
the director believes may be hazardous to the
health of the consumers serviced by any public
water supply system or in violation of the
regulations or orders promulgated under Section
1303 and 1305 46-17.
Section 3.0 New Water Resources
3.1 No Source of water shall be developed for a public
water system until a site plan prepared by a
professional engineer or land surveyor registered in
accordance with N.I.G.L. 55-8-18.5-8, has been
approved by the director
a) The site plan shall include an appropriately scaled
topographic map of the area under consideration.
b) Approval of the plans and specifications granted to
an applicant shall expire within two years if
construction of the approved source has not begun
within that period.
c) Expired approvals may be renewed if the data
provided in the application is unchanged and
attested to by the applicant; and plans conform
with all construction standards and testing
requirements in effect at the time of the
application for renewal.
3.2 In the case of a proposed gravel packed or gravel
developed well, the site plan shall contain pertinent
information within at least 1750 feet of the proposed
well including, but no limited to, the location of
existing and proposed sewage disposal system and any
other existing or proposed potential sources of
pollution including but not limited to those listed in
Appendix 3. Generally, the land within 400 feet of
such wells shall be reserved for the protection of the
water quality of the well. This distance may be
modified at the discretion of the director taking into
consideration such factors as the volume and type of
waste material to be disposed or stored in close
proximity to the land area reserved for protection of
the well, the projected yield of the well, the depth
below grade to impervious formation, the depth below
grade to the water table, the type of soil in the
area, or any other factors the director deems
pertinent.
3.3 In the case of a propose drilled (rock), driven, or
dug well, the site plan shall show pertinent
information within at least 1750 feet of the proposed
well including, but not limited to, the location of
existing and proposed sewage disposal systems and any
other existing or proposed potential sources of
pollution including but not limited to those listed in
Appendix 3. Generally, the land within 200 feet of
such wells shall be reserved for protection of the
water quality of the well. This distance may be
modified at the discretion of the director taking into
consideration such factors as the volume and type of
waste material to the disposed or stored in close
proximity to the land area reserved for protection of
the well, the depth below grade to impervious
formation, the depth below grade to the water table,
the type of soil in the area, or any other factor the
director deems pertinent.
3.4 In the case of a proposed surface water source, the
site plan shall show pertinent information within the
entire watershed of the proposed surface water supply,
but not limited to the location of existing and
proposed sewage disposal systems and any other
existing or proposed potential sources of pollution
including but not limited to those listed in Appendix
3. The portions of the watershed owned or controlled
by the water purveyor shall be clearly indicated. All
surface water sources shall be provided with water
treatment consisting, as a minimum, of coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.
3.5 All revisions to approved plans must be submitted to
the director for approval. The director may require a
new application and/or site plan if the revisions are
deemed significant.
similar to water distributed by a well-operated
central treatment plant. In addition
to the VOCs, monitoring must include physical
measurements and observations such as total
flow treated and mechanical condition of the
treatment equipment.
4. Effective technology must be properly applied
under a plan approved by the Director and the
microbiological safety of the water must be
maintained.
i. Adequate certification of performance and
field testing must be provided as required
by the director.
ii. The design and application of the
point-of-entry devices must consider the
tendency for increase in heterotrophic
bacteria concentrations in water treated
with activated carbon. It may be
necessary to use frequent backwashing,
post-contractor disinfection, and
Heterotrophic Plate Count monitoring to
ensure that the microbiological safety of
the water is not compromised.
5. All consumers shall be protected. Every building
connected to the system must have a point-of-entry
device installed, maintained, and
adequately monitored. The Tribe must be assured
that every building is subject to treatment and
monitoring, and that the rights and
responsibilities of the public water system
customer convey with title upon sale of property.
b) Use of other non-centralized treatment devices.
Public water systems shall not use bottled water or
point-of-use devices to achieve compliance with any
MCL. Bottled water or point-of-use devices may be
used on a temporary basis to avoid an unreasonable
risk to health, and only with prior approval of the
director.
Section 5.0 FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION:
5.1 General Requirements
The requirements of this section establish criteria
under which filtration is required as a treatment
technique for public water systems supplied by a
surface water source, or a ground water source
under the direct influence of surface water.
In addition, these regulations establish treatment
technique requirements in lieu of maximum
contaminant levels for the following contaminants:
Giardia, lamblia, viruses, heterotrophic plate count
bacteria, legionella and turbidity.
Each public water system with a surface water
source or a ground water source under the direct
influence of surface water must provide treatment
of that source water that complies with these
treatment technique requirements.
5.1.1 The treatment technique requirements consist
of installing and properly operating water
treatment processes which reliably achieve:
1. A least 99.9 percent (3-log) removal
and/or inactivation of Giardia lamblia
cysts between a point where the raw
water is not subject to recontamination
by surface water runoff and a point
downstream before or at the first
customer, and
2. At least 99.99 percent (4-log) removal
and or inactivation of viruses between a
point where the raw water is not subject
to recontamination by surface water
runoff and a point downstream before or
at the first customer.
5.1.2 A public water system using a surface water
source or a ground water source under the
direct influence of surface water is
considered to be in compliance with the
requirements of section 5.1.1. if:
a. It meets the requirements for avoiding
filtration in section 5.2 below and the
disinfection requirements in Section 5.3.
OR
b. It meets the filtration requirements in
Section 5.4. and the disinfection
requirements in section 5.3.
5.1.3 Each public water system using a surface
water source or a ground water source under
the direct influence of surface water must
be operated by qualified personnel who meet
the requirements of Section 18.
5.2 Criteria for avoiding filtration.
5.2.1 A public water system that uses a surface
water source must meet all of the
conditions of sections 5.2.5 and 5.2.6 and
is subject to 5.2.7 of this section
beginning December 30, 1991, unless the
Director has determined in writing that
filtration is required.
5.2.2 A public water system that uses a ground
water source under the direct influence of
surface water must meet all of the
conditions of 5.2.5, 5.2.6 of this section
and is subject to section 5.2.7 18 months
after the director determines that it is
under the direct influence of surface
water, unless the director has determined
in writing that filtration is required.
5.2.3 If the director determines in writing
before December 30, 1991 that filtration is
required, the system must have installed
filtration and meet the criteria for
filtered systems specified in these
regulations by June 29, 1993.
5.2.4 Within 18 months of failure of a
system using surface water or a ground
water source under the direct influence of
surface water to meet any one of the
requirements of 5.2.5 or 5.2.6 of this
section or after June 29, 1993, whichever
is later, the system must have installed
filtration and meet the criteria for
filtered systems specified in section 5.4.
5.2.5 Source Water Quality Conditions:
1. The fecal coliform concentration must
be equal to or less that 20/10ml or the
total coliform concentration must be
equal to or less than 100/100 ml
(measured as specified in 5.5.2) in
representative samples of the source
water immediately prior to the first or
only point of disinfectant application
in at least 90 percent of the samples
taken for the six(6) previous months
that the system served water to the
public on an ongoing basis. If a
system measures both fecal and total
coliform, the fecal criterion, but not
the total coliform criterion must be
met.
2. The turbidity level cannot exceed 5
NTU (measured as specified in Section
5.5.2 (4) in representative samples of
the source water immediately prior to
the first or only point or disinfectant
application.
5.2.6 Site Specific Conditions:
1. Compliance
a. The public water system must meet the
requirements of 5.3.5(1) at least 11
of the 12 previous months that the
system served water to the public on
an ongoing basis.
b. The public water system must meet the
requirements of 5.3.5(2) and 5.3.5(3)
at all time the systems serves water
to the public.
c. The public water system must meet the
requirements of 5.3.5(4) on an ongoing
basis.
2. The public Water system must maintain a
watershed control program which minimizes
the potential for contamination by Giardia
Lamblia cyst and viruses in the source
water. The adequacy of a watershed control
program will be determined by the director.
The adequacy of a program to limit potential
contamination by Giardia Lamblia cysts and
viruses must include but not be limited to
the following measures:
a) the comprehensiveness of the watershed
review;
b) the effectiveness of the system
program to monitor and control
detrimental activities occurring in the
watershed; and
c) the extent to which the water system has
maximized land ownership and/or
controlled land use within the
watershed. At a minimum, the watershed
control program must:
i. characterize the watershed hydrology
and land ownership;
ii. identify watershed characteristics
and activities which may have an
adverse effect on source water
quality and
iii. monitor the occurrence of activities
which may have an adverse effect on
source water quality.
The public water system must demonstrate
through ownership and/or written agreements
with landowners within the watershed that
it can control all human activities which
may have an adverse impact on the
microbiological quality of the source
water.
The public water system must submit an
annual report to the director that
identifies any special concerns about the
watershed and how they are being handled;
describes activities in the watershed that
affect water quality; and projects what
adverse activies are expected to occur in
the future and describes how the public
water system expects to address them.
Approved watershed protection plans or
wellhead protection plans may be used to
the extent that they are applicable.
3. The public water system must be subject to
an annual onsite inspection to assess the
watershed control program and disinfection
treatment process.
i. A review of the effectiveness of the
watershed control program;
ii. A review of the physical condition of
the source intake and how well it is
protected;
iv. An inspection of the disinfection
equipment for physical deteriation:
v. A review or operative procedures:
vi. A review of data records to ensure
that all required tests are being
connected and recorded and
disinfection is effectively and
vii. identification of any improvements
which are needed in the equipment,
system maintenance and operation or
data collection.
4) The public water system must not have been
identified as a source of a waterborne
disease outbreak, or if it has been so
identified, the system must have been
modified sufficiently to prevent another
occurrence as determined by the director.
5) The public water system must comply with
the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for
total coliforms in Section 16.4 c) at least
11 of the 12 previous months that the
system served water to the public on an
ongoing basis, unless that director
determines that failure to meet this
requirement was not caused by a deficiency
in treatment of the source water.
6) The public water system must comply with
the requirements for tribal methanes in
section 16.2.
5.2.7 Treatment Technique Violations:
A. A system that fails to meet any one of the
criteria in paragraphs 5.2.5 or 5.2.6 of this
section or for which the director has
determined that filtration is required in
writing and fails to install filtration by
the date specified is in violation.
B. A system that has not installed filtration is
in violation of a treatment technique
requirement if:
1. the turbidity level in a representative
sample of the source water immediately
prior to the first or only point of
disinfection application exceeds 5 NTU or
2. the system is identified as a source of a
waterborne disease outbreak.
5.3 Disinfection
5.3.1 A public water system that uses a surface water
source and does not provide filtration treatment
must provide the disinfection treatment
specified in 5.3.5 beginning December 30, 1991
unless the director determines that filtration
is required in writing.
5.3.2 A public water system that uses a ground water
source under the direct influence of surface
water and does not provide filtration treatment
must provide disinfection treatment specified in
paragraph 5.3.5 18 months after the director
determines that the ground water source is under
the influence of surface water, unless the
director has determined that filtration is
required in writing.
5.3.4 A system that uses a ground water source under
the direct influence of surface water and
provides filtration treatment must provide
disinfection treatment as specified in section
5.3.6, beginning when filtration is installed.
Failure to meet any requirement of this section
is a treatment technique violation.
5.3.5 Disinfection requirements for public water
systems that do not provide filtration:
1. The disinfection treatment must be
sufficient to ensure at least 99.9 percent
(3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia
cysts and 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation
of viruses, every day the system serves
water to the public, except any one day each
month. Each day a system serves water to
the public, the public water system must
calculate the CT value (s) from the system's
treatment parameters, using the procedure
specified in Section 5.6.3 and 5.6.4 and
determine whether this value is sufficient
to achieve the specified inactivation rates
for Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses.
If a system uses a disinfectant other than
chlorine, the system may demonstrate to the
director, through the use of a protocol
approved by the director for on-site
disinfection challenge studies or other
information satisfactory to the director,
that the CT 99.9 values other than those
specified in Tables 2.1 and 3.1 or other
operational parameters are adequate to
demonstrate that the system is achieving
minimum inactivation rates required by
paragraph 5.3.5(1) of this section.
2. The disinfection system must have either
(i) redundant components, including an
auxiliary power supply with automatic start-up
and alarm to ensure that disinfectant
application is maintained continuously while
water is being delivered to the distribution
system or (ii) automatic shut-off of
delivery of water to the distribution system
whenever is less than 0.2mg/l of residual
disinfectant concentration in the water. If
the director determines that automatic shut-off
would unreasonable risk to health or
interfere with fire protection, the system
must comply with paragraph 5.3.5(2) (i) of
this section.
3. The residual disinfectant concentration in
the water entering the distribution system
measured as specified in Section 5.5 cannot
be less than 0.2 mg/l for more than 4 hours.
4. The residual disinfectant concentration
in the distribution system, measured as
total chlorine, combined chlorine or
chlorine dioxide as specified in Section 5.5
cannot be undetectable in more than 5
percent of the samples each month, for any
two consecutive months that the system
serves water to the public.
Water in the distribution system with a
heterotrophic bacteria concentration less
than or equal to 500/ml measured as
heterotrophic plate count (HPC) as specified
in Section 5.5 is deemed to have a
detectable disinfectant residual for
purposes of determining compliance with this
requirement. Thus, the value "V" in the
following formula cannot exceed 5 per cent
in one month for any two consecutive months:
V = c+d+e x 100
a+b
where:
a = number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is measured:
b = number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is not
measured but the heterotrophic bacteria
plate count (HPC) is measured;
c = number of instances where the
residual disinfectant concentration is
measured but not detected and no HPC is
measured;
d = number of instances where the
residual disinfectant concentration is
measured but not detected and where the
HPC is >500/ml; and
e = number of instances where the
residual disinfectant concentration is
not measured and HPC is >500/ml.
5.3.6 Disinfection requirements for public water
systems which provide filtration.
Each public water system that provides
filtration treatment must provide disinfection
treatment as follows:
1. The disinfection treatment must be
sufficient to ensure that the total
treatment processes of that system achieve
at least 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation
and/or removal of Giardia lamblia cysts
and at least 99.9 percent (4-log)
inactivation and/or removal of viruses as
determined by the director.
2. The residual disinfection concentration in
the water entering the distribution system
measured as specified in Section 5.5
cannot be less than 0.2 mg/l for more than
4 hours.
3. The residual disinfectant concentration in
the distribution system, measured as total
chlorine, combined chlorine or chlorine
dioxide, as specified in Section 5.5 cannot
be undetectable in more than 5 percent of
the samples each month, for any two
consecutive months that the system serves
water to the public.
Water in the distribution system with a
heterotrophic bacteria concentration less
than or equal to 500/ml, measured as
heterotrophic plate count (HPC) as
specified in Section 5.5 is deemed to have
a detectable disinfectant residual for
purposes of determining compliance with
this requirement. Thus the value of "V"
cannot exceed 5 percent in one month for
any two consecutive months (See formula in
5.3.5(4).
5.4 Filtration:
5.4.1 A public water system that uses a surface
water source or a ground water source under
the direct influence of surface water, and
does not meet all of the criteria in section
5.2 for avoiding filtration, must provide
treatment consisting of both disinfection,
as specified in 5.3.6 and filtration
treatment which complies with the
requirements of section 5.4 by June 29, 1993,
or within 18 months of the failure to meet
any one of the criteria for avoiding
filtration, which ever is later. Failure to
meet any requirement of this section by the
date specified in Section 5.4.1, shall
constitute a treatment technique violation.
5.4.2 Conventional filtration treatment or direct
filtration:
1. For systems using conventional filtration
or direct filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of a system's filtered
water must be less than or equal to 0.5 NTU
in at least 95 percent of the measurements
taken each month, measured as specified in
Section 5.5. However, if the director
determines that the system is capable of
achieving at least 99.9 percent removal an/or
inactivation of Giardia Lamblia cysts at some
turbidity level higher than 0.5 NTU in at
least 95 percent of the measurements taken
each month, the director may substitute this
higher turbidity limit for that system.
In no case will a turbidity limit that allows
more than 1 NTU in more than 5 percent of the
samples taken each month, measured as
specified in Section 5.5 be approved.
2. The turbidity level of representative samples
of system's filtered water must at no time
exceed 5 NTU measured as specified in Section
5.5.
5.4.3 Slow Sand Filtration
1. For systems using slow sand filtration, the
turbidity level of representative samples of a
system's filtered water must be less than or
equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the
measurements taken each month, measured as
specified in Section 5.5.
2. The turbidity level of representative samples
of a system' filtered water must at no time
exceed 5 NTU, measured as specified in Section
5.5
5.4.4 Diatomaceous earth filtration:
1. For systems using diatomaceous earth
filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of a system's filtered
water must be less than or equal to 1 NTU in at
least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month, measured as specified in Section 5.5.
2. The turbidity level of representative samples
of a system's filtered water must at no time
exceed 5 NTU measured as specified in Section
5.5.
5.4.5 Other Filtration Technologies:
A public water system may use a filtration
technology not listed in sections 5.4.2, 5.4.3 or
5.4.4, if it demonstrates to the state, using pilot
plant studies or other means, that the alternative
filtration technology, in combination with
disinfection treatment that meets the requirements
of section 5.3.6, consistently achieves 99.9 percent
removal and/or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts
and 99.99 percent removal and/or inactivation of
viruses. For a system that makes this
demonstration, the requirements of Section 5.4.3
apply.
5.5 Analytical Monitoring Requirements
5.5.1 Only the analytical method (s) specified in
this section, or otherwise approved by the
director may be used to demonstrate
compliance with the requirement of Sections
5.2, 5.3, or 5.4.3 apply.
Measurements for pH, temperature, turbidity,
and residual disinfectant concentrations must
be conducted by a party approved by the
director.
Measurements for total coliforms, fecal
coliforms and HPC must be conducted by a
laboratory approved by the director or EPA to
do such analysis.
5.5.2 The following procedures shall be performed
in accordance with the methods listed.
1. Fecal Coliform/E. Coli Concentration
Method, as set forth in Reference 1 in
Appendix 1.
2. Total Coliform Concentration, as set forth
in Reference 1 in Appendix 1.
3. Heterotrophic Plate Count, as set forth
in Reference 1 in Appendix 1.
4. Turbidity, as set forth in Reference 1 in
Appendix 1.
5. Residual Disinfectant Concentration, as
set forth in Reference 2 in Appendix 1.
6. Temperature, Method 212, pp126-127, as set
forth in Reference 1 in Appendix 1.
7. pH Methods 423 (pH value) pp 429-437 as set
forth in Reference 1 in Appendix 1.
8. Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG method for
simultaneous enumeration of total
coliform and E.Coli as set forth in
Reference 1 in Appendix 1.
9. Indigo Method for determination of Ozone
in water as set forth in Reference 2 in
Appendix 1.
5.6 Monitoring requirements for systems that do not provide
filtration:
5.6.1 A public water system that uses a surface
water source and does not provide
filtration treatment must begin
monitoring, as specified in this section
beginning December 31, 1990, unless the
director has determined that filtration is
required in writing, in which case the
director may specify alternative monitoring
requirements until filtration is in place.
A public water system that uses a ground
water source under the direct influence of
surface water and does not provide
filtration treatment must begin monitoring
as specified in this section 6 months after
the director determines that the ground
water source is under the direct influence
of surface water, unless the director has
determined that filtration is required in
writing.
1. Fecal coliform or total coliform density
measurements as required by Section 5.2.5
must be performed on representative source
water samples immediately prior to the
first or only point of disinfectant
application. The system must sample for
fecal or total coliforms at the following
minimum frequency each week the system
serves water to the public
System size (Persons Served Samples/wk*
<500 1
501 to 3,300 2
3,301 to 10,000 3
10,001 to 25,000 4
>25 5
* Samples must be taken on separate days
Also, One fecal or total coliform density
measurement must be made very day the
system serves water to the public and the
turbidity of the source water exceeds 1 NTU
(these samples count toward the weekly
coliform sampling requirement, unless the
director determines that the system for
logistical reasons outside the system's
control cannot have the sample analyzed
within 30 hours of collection
2. Turbidity measurements as required by
Section 5.2.5(2) must be performed on
representative grab samples of source water
immediately prior to the first or only point
of disinfectant application every four hours
(or more frequently) that the system serves
water to the public. A public water system
may substitute continuous turbidity
monitoring for grab sample monitoring if it
validates the continuous measurement for
accuracy on a regular basis using a protocol
approved by the director.
3. The total inactivation ratio for each day
that the system is in operation must be
determined based on the CT99.9 must values
in Tables 1.1-1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of the
section, as appropriate. The parameters
necessary to determine the total
inactivation ration must be monitored as
follows:
i) The temperature of the disinfected water
must be measured at least once per day at
each residual disinfectant concentration
sampling point.
ii) If the system uses chlorine, the pH of
the disinfected water must be measured at
least once per day at each chlorine
residual disinfectant concentration
sampling point.
iii) The disinfectant contact time(s) ("T")
must be determined for each day during
peak hourly flow.
iv) The residual disinfectant
concentration(s) ("C") of the water
before or at the first customer must be
measured each day during peak hourly
flow.
v) If a system uses a disinfectant other than
chlorine, the system may demonstrate to
the director, through the use of a
protocol approved by the director for
on-site disinfection challenge studies or
other information satisfactory to the
director that CT99.9 values other than
those specified in Tables 2.1 and 3.1 in
this section or other operational
parameters are adequate to demonstrate
that the system is achieving the minimum
inactivation rates required by Section
5.3.5(1).
TABLE 1.1-CT VALUES, TABLE 1.2-CT VALUES, TABLE 1.3-CT VALUES -
SEE HARD COPY
TABLE 1.6-CT VALUES - SEE HARD COPY
4) The Total inactivation ration must be calculated as
follows:
i. If the system uses only one point of disinfectant
application, the system may determine the total
inactivation ratio based on either of the
following two methods.
A. One inactivation ration (CT calc/CT99.9) is
determined before or at the first customer during
peak hourly flow and if the CT calc/CT99.9>1,0,
the 99.9 percent Giardia lamblia inactivation
requirement has been achieved; OR
B. Successive CTcalc/CT99.9 values representing
sequential inactivation ratios, are determined
between the point before or at the first customer
during peak hourly flow. Under this alternative,
the following method must be used to calculate
the total inactivation ratio:
(1) Determine (CT calc/CT99.9) for each
sequence.
(2) Add the (CT calc/CT 99.9) values together
(if the sum of all CT calc/CT 99.9)
(3) If the Sum of (CT calc/CT 99.9)>1.0
Then the 99.9 percent Giardia lamblia
inactivation requirement has been achieved.
ii) If the system uses more than one point of
disinfectant application before or at the
first customer, the system must determine the
CT value of each disinfection sequence
immediately prior to the next point of
disinfection application during peak hourly
flow. The CT calc/CT99.9 value of each
sequence and the sum of CT calc/CT 99.9 must
be calculated using the method in section
5.6.1(4)(i)(B) of this section to determine if
the system is in compliance with Section
5.5.5.
iii) Although not required, the total percent
inactivation for a system with one or more
points of residual disinfectant concentration
monitoring may be calculated by solving the
following equation:
Percent inactivation = 100-(100/10 Z)
Where Z=3x the sum of (CTcalc/Ct99.9)
5) The residual disinfectant concentration of the
water entering the distribution system must be
monitored continuously, and the lowest value
must be recorded each day.
In the event of system monitoring failure,
grab sampling may be conducted ever 4 hours,
for no more than 5 working days.
Systems serving 3,300 or fewer persons may
take grab samples in lieu of continuous
monitoring on an ongoing basis at the
frequencies prescribed below:
System size by population Samples/day**
<500 1
501 to 1,000 2
1,1001 to 25,00 3
2,501 to 3,300 4
* the day's samples cannot be taken at the
same time. The sampling intervals are subject
to the director's review and approval.
If at any time the residual disinfectant
concentration falls below 0.2 mg/l in a system
using grab sampling in lieu of continuous
monitoring, the system must take a grab sample
every 4 hours until the residual concentration
equal to or greater than 0.2 mg/l.
6) The residual disinfectant concentration must
be measured at least at the same points in the
distribution system and at the same time as
total coliforms are sampled, as specified in
Section 16.4. however. The director may allow
a public water system which uses both a
surface water source or a ground water source
under direct influence of surface water, and a
ground water source to take disinfectant
residual samples at points other than the total
coliform sampling points, if the director
determines that such points are more
representative of treated (disinfected) water
quality within the distribution system.
Heterotrophic bacteria, measured as
heterotrophic plate count (HPC) as specified in
Section 5.5.2 may be measured in lieu of
residual disinfectant concentration.
5.7 Monitoring Requirements for Systems Using Filtration
Treatment
5.7.1 A public water system that uses a surface water
source or a ground water source under the
influence of surface water and provides
filtration treatment must monitor in accordance
with this section, beginning June 29, 1993, or
when filtration is installed, whichever is
later.
1) Turbidity measurements as required by
Section 5.4 must be performed on
representative samples of the systems
filtered water every four hours (or more
frequently) that the system serves water to
the public. A public water system may
substitute continuous turbidity monitoring
for grab sample monitoring if it validates
the continuous measurement for accuracy on a
regular basis, using a protocol approved by
the director.
For any systems using slow sand filtration
or filtration treatment other than
conventional treatment, direct filtration or
diatomacious earth filtration, the director
may reduce the sampling frequency to once
per day if it determines that less frequent
monitoring is sufficient to indicate
effective filtration performance.
For systems serving 500 or fewer persons,
the director may reduce the turbidity
sampling frequency to once per day,
regardless of the type of filtration
treatment used if the director determines
that less frequent monitoring is sufficient
to indicate effective filtration
performance.
2) The residual disinfectant concentration of
the water entering the distribution system
must be monitored as indicated in sections
5.6.1(5) and 5.6.1(6).
5.8 Reporting and record Keeping Requirements:
5.8.1 A public water system that uses a surface
water source and does not provide filtration
treatment must report the following
information monthly to the director beginning
December 31, 1990 unless the director has
determined that filtration is required in
writing in which case the director may
specify alternate reporting requirements as
appropriate until filtration is in place.
A public water system that uses a ground
water source under the direct influence of
surface water and does not provide filtration
treatment must report monthly to the
director, the following information beginning
no later than six (6) months after the
director determines that the ground water
source is under the direct influence of
surface water.
1) Source water quality information must be
reported to the director within ten (10) days
after the end of each month the system serves
water to the public, Information that must be
reported:
1) The cumulative number of months for which
results are reported.
ii) The number of fecal and/or total coliform
samples, whichever are analyzed during the
month (if a system monitors for both, and
fecal coliforms must be reported) the dates
of sample collection and the dates when the
turbidity level exceeded 1 NTU.
iii) The number of samples during the month that
had equal to or less than 20/100 ml fecal
coliforms and/or equal to or less than
100/100 ml total coliforms, whichever are
analyzed.
iv) The cumulative number of fecal or total
coliform samples, whichever are analyzed
during the previous six months the system
served water to the public.
v) The cumulative number of samples that had
equal to or less than 20/100 ml fecal
coliforms or equal to or less than 100/100
ml total coliforms, whichever are analyzed
during the previous six months the system
served water to the public.
vi) The percentage of samples that had equal to
or less than 20/100 ml fecal coliforms or
equal to or less than 100/100 ml total
coliforms, whichever are analyzed during the
previous six months the system served water
to the public.
vii) The maximum turbidity level measured during
the month, the date(s) of occurence for any
measurement(s) which exceeded 5 NTU, and the
date(s) the occurence(s) was reported to the
director.
viii) For the first 12 months of recordkeeping,
the dates and cumulative number of events
during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU
and after one year of recordkeeping for
turbidity measurements, the dates and
cumulative number of events during which the
turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the previous 12
months the system served water to the
public.
ix) For the first 120 months of recordkeeping,
the dates and cumulative number of events
during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU
and after 10 years of recordkeeping for
turbidity measurements, the dates and
cumulative number of events during which the
turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the previous 120
months they system service water to the
public.
2) Disinfection information must be reported to
the director within 10 days after the end of
each month the system serves water to the
public.
Information that must be reported:
i) For each day, the lowest measurement of
residual disinfectant concentration in mg/l
in water entering the distribution system.
ii) The date and duration of each period when the
residual disinfectant concentration in water
entering the distribution system fell bellow
0.2 mg/l and when the director was notified
of the occurence.
iii) The daily residual disinfectant
concentrations(s) (in mg/l) and disinfectant
contact time(s) (in minutes) used for
calculating the Ct value(s)
iv) If chlorine is used, the daily measurement(s)
of pH of disinfected water following each
point of chlorine disinfection.
v) The daily measurement(s) of water temperature
in degrees centigrade following each point of
disinfection.
vi) The daily CT calc and Ctcalc/CT99.9 values for
each disinfectant measurement or sequence and
the sum of all CTcalc/CT99.9 values
(CTcalc/CT99.9) before or at the first
customer.
vii) The daily determination of whether disinfection
achieves adequate Giardia cyst and virus
inactivation, i.e. whether (CTcalc/CT99.9) is
at least 1.0 or where disinfectants other than
chlorine are used, other indicator conditions
that the director determines are appropriate,
are met.
viii) The following information on the samples taken
in the distribution system in conjunction with
total coliform monitoring specified as in
Section 5.3.
A) number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is measured;
B) number of instance where the residual
disinfectant concentration is not measured
but heterotrophic bacteria plate count
(HPC) is measured:
C) number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is measured, but
not detected and no HPC is measured.
D) number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is detected and
where HPC is >500/ml;
E) number of instances where the residual
disinfectant concentration is not measured
and HPC is >500/ml;
F) for the current and previous month the
system served water to the public, the value
of "V", as defined in Section 5.3.5.
ix) A system need not report the data listed in
Section 5.8.1(2)(i) and (iii)-(vi) if all data
listed in 5.8.1(2) (i)-(viii) remain on file
at the system and the director determines
that:
A) That system has submitted to the state all
the information required for at least 12
months; and
B) the director has determined that the
system is not required to provide filtration
treatment.
3) No later than October 10 of each year system must
provide to the director a report which summarizes
its compliance with all watershed control program
requirements specified in 5.2.6(2).
4) Each system upon discovering that a waterborne
disease outbreak potentially attributable to that
water system has occurred must report that
occurence to the director as soon as possible,
but no later than the end of the next business
day.
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the
system must inform the director as soon as
possible, but no later than the end of the next
business day.
If at any time the residual falls below 0.2 mg/l
in the water entering the distribution system,
the system must notify the director as soon as
possible, but no later than by the end of the
next business day. The system must notify the
director by the end of the next business day
whether or not the residual was restored to at
least 0.2 mg/l within 4 hours.
5.8.2 A public water system that uses a surface water
source or a ground water source under the direct
influence of surface water and provides filtration
treatment must report monthly to the director the
following information, beginning June 29, 1993 or
when filtration is installed, whichever is later:
1) Turbidity measurements as required by Section
5.7.11 (1) must be reported within 10 days after
the end of each month the system serves water to
the public and shall include no less than the
following:
i) the total number of filtered water turbidity
measurements taken during the month.
ii) the number and percentage of filtered water
turbidity measurements taken during the month
which are less than or equal to the turbidity
limits specified in Section 5.4 for the
filtration technology being used.
iii) the date and value of any turbidity
measurements taken during the month which
exceed 5 NTU.
2) Disinfection information must be reported to
the state within 10 days after the end of each
month and must include all items specified in
section s 5.8.1(2)(i),(ii), (viii), and 5.8
.1(5).
Section 6.0 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS:
6.1 No person shall maintain a physical connection
joining a public water system with any other
water system, unless such connection is approved
by the director.
6.2 It is the responsibility of the public water
system to register all existing or proposed
connections between the PWS and any other water
supply with the director on or before January 1,
1992 or as they are proposed or discovered,
whichever is later.
Section 7.0 TANKS CONNECTED TO UNSAFE SUPPLIERS
7.1 Any person who maintains a public water system
connection to a tank which is also supplied with
water from a water system found by the director
to be unsafe shall maintain the tank open to
atmospheric pressure, and the public water supply
pipe shall terminate at least two pipe diameters
above the maximum level of water in the tank.
The tank overflow shall be of adequate size to
fix definitely the maximum level.
Section 8.0 AVOIDANCE OF CONTAMINATION IN TANKS
8.1 Any person who is furnished water from a public
water system and maintains a tank supplied by
such water shall have such tank so constructed
and maintained to prevent contaminants from
gaining access to the tank interior.
Section 9.0 ASSURANCE OF SAFETY IN PUBLIC SUPPLY
9.1 Any person maintaining a public water system shall
operate and maintain the water supply facilities so
that the water furnished the public is safe and
potable.
Section 10.0 CORRECTION OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS
10.1 When the water from a public water system is not
safe or is subject to contamination, as determined
by the director, the person maintaining such public
water systems shall take immediate action to correct
sanitary defects, improve operation, provide
necessary water treatment, or make any other changes
or additions deemed necessary by the director to
provide safe water.
Section 11.0 REPORTS AS TO PUBLIC SUPPLIES
11.1 Any person maintaining a public water system
shall submit or cause to be submitted by
operating personnel such reports of operation
pertaining to the sanitary quality, treatment and
output as may be required by the director. Such
operation reports shall be submitted with ten
(10) days after demand and shall be accurate and
complete as required by the director. Violations
of maximum contaminant levels shall be reported
to the director within 48 hours after such a
determination is made unless otherwise required
for specific contaminants.
11.2 It is the responsibility of the water system to
collect, have analyzed, and report the results of
all water quality samples required by these
regulations. Samples must be collected in
accordance with a written sample siting plan.
These plans are subject to Tribal review and
revision.
Section 12.0 CERTIFIED LABORATORIES
12.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with
these regulations, only analyses carried out by
the Department of Health or in a laboratory
Cadmium (Cd) 0.010 Nitrate (as N) 10.
Chromium (Cr) 0.05 Selenium (Se) 0.01
Fluoride (F) 4.0 Silver (Ag) 0.05
Sodium (Na) *
*No maximum contaminant level - monitoring
a) Monitoring Frequency - Each active drinking water source
maintained by a water purveyor shall be analyzed annually
from the above referenced inorganic chemicals and
whenever there is reason to believe an inorganic maximum
contaminant level may be exceeded. On each source where
the fluoride determination of the treated water shall be made
and recorded daily by the water purveyor.
i) Excepting nitrate, when an inorganic maximum
contaminant level is exceeded the supplier of the
water shall report to the director within seven (7)
days and initiate three (3) additional analyses
within one month at the same sampling point. When
the average of the four (4) analyses, rounded to the
same number of significant figures as the maximum
contaminant level, exceeds the maximum contaminant
level the supplier shall notify the director and
initiate public notification.
ii) When the nitrate maximum contaminant level is
exceeded, a second analyses shall be initiated within
24 hours, and if the mean of the two analyses exceeds
the maximum contaminant level of the supplier shall
notify the director and initiate public notification.
iii) Each community system will sample each of its active
sources biweekly (once every two weeks) during the
two consecutive months of peak annual sodium
concentration (resulting in 4 total samples), and the
samples shall be analyzed for sodium. Each active
source shall be sampled at its entry point into the
distribution system, following any treatment provided
to one or more sources of water. The two consecutive
months of peak annual sodium concentration will be
determined for each water source by a method
acceptable to the Director, and this determination
shall be made by no later than three (3) years from
the date at which these regulations become effective.
The results of all samples analyzed for each active
source that equal or exceed a sodium level of 20
mg/l, measured as sodium, shall be reported to the
Director within ten (10) days after each
determination. The average of the four (4)
consecutive biweekly samples for each water source
shall be determined. When this average for any
sampling location equals or exceeds a sodium level of
100 mg/l, measured as sodium, the water purveyor
shall notify the Director within seven (7) days after
the determination and initiate a public notice within
twenty (20) days in a manner approved by the
Director.
b) Analytical Techniques - Inorganic chemical analyses
shall be made in accordance with the methods
specified in the sixteenth edition of "Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater"
published by the American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association, Water Pollution
Control Federation, and Appendix 1 of those
regulation. Fluoride analyses shall be conducted
using EPA Method 340.1, 340.2, 340.3 or their
equivalents.
16.2 Organic Chemicals
Maximum contaminant levels for certain organic
chemicals
Milligrams Milligrams
Contaminant per Liter Contaminant Per Liter
Endrin 0.0002 Toxaphen 0.005
Lindane 0.0004 2,4-D 0.1
Methoxychlor 0.1 2,4,5-TP Silvex 0.01
Total
Trinalomethanes 0.1
a) Monitoring Frequency - Each active drinking water
source maintained by a water purveyor shall be analyzed
for the stipulated organic chemicals excepting total
trihalomethanes, at least once every three (3) years.
Water systems which practices disinfection of the water
shall be monitored for total trihalomethanes.
Water systems serving less than 10,000 people shall be
monitored for total trihalomethanes at the discretion
of the director. Water systems serving at least 10,000
people shall be monitored in the following manner:
i) a minimum of four (4) samples per quarter per
treatment plant collected on the same day shall be
analyzed. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the samples
shall reflect maximum storage time of the water in
the distribution system while seventy-five (75%)
percent shall be collected at representative points
in the system. The results of all samples analyzed
in any calendar quarter shall be averaged;
ii) compliance with the maximum contaminant level for
total trihalomethanes shall be based on the average
of the findings in any four (4) consecutive
calendar quarters. Based on a history of low
trihalomethanes, the director may grant a reduction
in monitoring frequency to one sample per treatment
plant per quarter collected at a point which
reflects maximum storage time of the water in the
distribution system:
iii) additional monitoring shall be required whenever
there is reason to believe an organic chemical
maximum contaminant level is or may be exceeded.
b) Analytical Techniques - Organic chemical analyses shall
be made in accordance with the analytical procedures set
forth in the sixteenth edition of "Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater," published by
the American Public Health Association, American Water
Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation.
C) Trihalomethane analyses shall be made in accordance with
either of the following methods:
i) "The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Finished Waters
by the Purge and Trap Method", method 501.1 EMSL,
EPA. Cincinnati, Ohio.
ii) "The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by
Liquid/Liquid Extraction" method 501.2, EMSL, EPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
16.3 Turbidity
a) Applicability - The maximum contaminant level for
turbidity applies only to surface water sources. The
turbidity of the water shall be determined and recorded
daily by the water purveyor and measured at a
representative entry point into the distribution system.
The requirements in section 16.3 (a) and (b) apply to
unfiltered systems until December 30, 1991 unless the
state has determined prior to that date, in writing
pursuant to Section 5 that filtration is required. The
requirements in this section apply to filtered systems
until June 29, 1993. The requirements in this section
apply to unfiltered systems that the Tribe has determined
in writing pursuant to Section 5 must install filtration,
until June 29, 1993 or until filtration is installed,
whichever is later.
b) Maximum Contaminant Level for Turbidity - The maximum
contaminant level for turbidity shall not exceed a
monthly average of 1 turbidity unit (TU). A turbidity
monthly average of two (2) turbidity units may be
acceptable provided it is demonstrated the higher
turbidities did not interfere with disinfection, and a
residual disinfection was maintained throughout the
distribution system and did not interfere with
microbiological determination. An average of five (5)
turbidity units shall not be exceeded for any 2
consecutive days.
c) Analytical Techniques - Turbidity measurements shall be
made in accordance with Section 5.5.2.
d) A public water system that uses surface water or ground
water under the direct influence of surface water, as
defined in Section 1 and does not practice filtration in
compliance with Section 5.4, must collect at least one
sample near the first service connection each day the
turbidity level of the source water measured as specified
in Section 5, exceeds 1 NTU. This sample must be
analyzed for the presence of total coliforms. When one
or more turbidity measurements in any day exceed 1 NTU,
the system must collect his coliform sample within 24
hours of the first exceedence, unless the director
determines that the system, for logistical reasons
outside of the system's control cannot have the sample
analyzed within 30 hours of collection. Sample results
from this coliform monitoring must be included in
determining compliance with the MCL for total coliforms
in Section 16.4 c.
16.4 Microbiological
a) Routine Monitoring: Community water systems must
collect total coliform samples at sites which are
representative of water throughout the distribution
system according to a written sample siting plan. These
plans are subject to the director's review and revision.
The monitoring frequency for total coliforms for
community water system is based on the population served
by the system as follows:
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency for Community Water
Systems
Minimum number of samples
Population Served per month
25 to 1,000 1
1,001 to 2,500 2
2,501 to 3,300 3
3,301 to 4,100 4
4,101 to 4,900 5
4,901 to 5,800 6
5,801 to 6,700 7
6,701 to 7,600 8
7,601 to 8,500 9
8,501 to 12,900 10
12,901 to 17,200 15
17,201 to 21,500 20
21,501 to 25,000 25
25,001 to 33,000 30
33,001 to 41,000 40
41,001 to 50,000 50
50,001 to 59,000 60
59,001 to 70,000 70
70,001 to 83,000 80
83,001 to 96,000 90
96,001 to 130,000 100
130,001 to 220,000 120
220,001 to 320,000 150
320,001 to 450,000 180
450,001 to 600,000 210
600,001 to 780,000 240
780,001 to 970,000 270
970,001 to 1,230,000 300
1,230,001 to 1,520,000 330
1,520,001 to 1,850,000 360
1,850,001 to 2,270,000 390
2,270,001 to 3,020,000 420
3,020,001 to 3,960,000 450
3,960,001 or more 480
Includes public water systems which have at least 15
service connections, but more serve fewer than 25
persons.
1) The director may reduce the monitoring frequency of
a community water system serving 25-1000 persons in
a written directive to not less than one sample per
quarter if:
i) A sanitary survey conducted in the past five
years shows that the system is supplied solely
by a protected ground water source and is free
of sanitary defects, and
ii) Said water system has no history of total
coliform contamination in its current
configuration.
2) The public water system must collect samples at
regular time intervals throughout the month, EXCEPT:
a system which uses groundwater not under the direct
influence of surface water as determined by the
director, and serves 4,900 persons or less, may
collect all required samples on a single day, if
they are taken from different sites.
3) A public water system that uses surface water or
ground water under the direct influence of surface
water, as determined by the Director, and does not
practice filtration in compliance with Section 5
must:
i) collect at least one sample near the first
service connection each day the turbidity level
exceeds 1 NTU. This sample must be analyzed for
the presence of total coliforms.
ii) When one or more turbidity measurements exceed 1
NTU, the system must collect the coliform sample
within 24 hours of the first exceedence unless the
director determines that the system for logistical
reasons outside the system's control cannot have
the sample analyzed within 30 hours of collection.
Sample results must be included in determining
compliance with the MCL for total coliforms, as
indicated section 16.3 c)
b) Analytical Methodology - Coliform organism examinations
shall be made in accordance with Appendix 1.
1) the standard sample volume required for total
coliform analysis, regardless of analytical method
used, is 100 ml.
2) public water system need only determine the
presence or absence of total coliforms: a
determination of total coliform density is not
required.
3) If any routine or repeat sample is total coliform
positive, the system must analyze the culture medium
to determine if fecal coliforms are present. The
system may test for E. Coli in lieu of fecal
coliforms.
The Director has the discretion to allow a public
water system, on a case-by-case basis, to forgo
fecal coliform or E. coli testing on a total
coliform positive sample if that system assumes that
the total coliform-positive sample is fecal
coliform-positive or E. coli-positive.
Accordingly, the system must notify the Director as
specified in paragraph (e) of this section and the
provisions of 16.4 c) 6) c) apply.
4) Public water systems must conduct total coliform
analyses in accordance with one of the following
analytical methods:
a) Multiply Tube Fermentation, as set forth in
Appendix 1.
b) Membrane Filter (MF) Technique, as set forth in
Appendix 1.
c) Presence-Absence (P-A) coliform Test, as set
forth in Appendix 1.
d) Minimal Medium ONPG MUG (MMO-MUG) test, as set
forth in Appendix 1 for simultaneous enumeration
of total coliform and E. coli.
e) Fecal coliform/E. coli confirmation procedure,
as set forth in Appendix 1.
c) Maximum Contaminant levels (MCLs) for Microbiological
contaminants:
1) The goal for total Coliforms (including fecal
coliforms and Eschereichia coli) is ZERO
2) The following constitute the best technology
treatment techniques, or other means available
for achieving compliance with the MCL:
A) Protection of wells from contamination by
coliforms by appropriate placement and
construction:
B) Maintenance of a disinfectant residual
throughout the distribution system:
C) Proper maintenance of the distribution
system:
D) Filtration and/or disinfection of surface
water as described in Section 5; and
E) The development and implementation of an
approved wellhead protection program, or
watershed protection plan, if applicable.
3) The MCL is based on the presence or absence of
total coliforms in a sample, rather than coliform
density.
4) A public water system must determine compliance
with the MCL for total coliforms for each month
in which it is required to monitor for total
coliforms.
5) Special purpose samples such as those taken to
determine disinfection practices, shall not be
used to determine compliance with the MCL for
total coliforms. Repeat samples must be used in
determination of the monthly MCL compliance.
6) The following constitutes a violation of the MCL
for total coliforms:
A) If a system collects at least 40 samples per
month, the system is not in compliance with
the MCL, for total coliforms if more than
5.0 per cent of the samples collected during
the month are total coliform positive.
B) If a system collects less than 40 samples per
month, the system is not in compliance with
the MCL for total coliforms if more than ONE
sample is total coliform positive.
C) *If any repeat sample is fecal coliform or
E.coli positive.
D) *If any repeat sample is total coliform
positive following a fecal coliform or E.Coli
positive routine sample.
*For purpose of public notification, this is a
violation that may pose an acute health risk.
7) The director must be notified of any total coliform
MCL violation by the end of the day on which the
system learns of the violation or by the end of the
next business day if Tribal offices are closed.
d) Repeat monitoring: If a routine sample is total
coliform positive, the public water system must collect a
set of repeat samples for each total coliform positive
within 24 hours of being notified of the positive result
as follows:
1) > 1 routine sample/month: 3 repeat samples
(Total volume collected must be at least 300 ml)
2) 1 or < routine sample/month: 4 repeat samples
(Total volume collected must be at least 400 ml)
3) The director may extend the 24-hour limit on a case-by-case
basis if the system has a logistical problem
in collecting the repeat samples within 24 hours
that is beyond its control. In the case of an
extension, the director will specify how much time
the system has to collect the repeat samples.
4) At least one repeat sample must be collected from
the sampling tap when the original positive sample
was taken; at least one repeat sample within 5
connections upstream; and one repeat sample within 5
service connections downstream. If a total coliform
positive sample is at the end of the distribution
system, or one away from the end of the distribution
system, the director may waive the requirement to
collect at least one repeat sample upstream or
downstream of the original sampling site.
5) These repeat samples must be collected on the same
day, except that the director may allow a system
with a single service connection to collect the
required set of repeat samples over a four-day
period or to collect a larger volume repeat
sample(s) in one or more sample containers of any
size, as long as the total volume collected is at
least 400 ml (300 ml for systems which collect more
than one routine sample/month).
6) If one or more repeat sample in the set is total
coliform-positive, the public water system must
collect an additional set of repeat samples as
described in this section. The system must repeat
this process until either total coliforms are not
detected in one complete set of repeat samples, or
the system determines that the MCL, for total
coliforms has been exceeded and notifies the
director.
7) Results of all routine and repeat samples not
invalidated by the director must be included in
determining compliance with the MCL for total
coliforms in Section 16.4 c).
8) Any system collecting fewer than five routine
samples per month must collect at least five
samples during the month following repeat sampling
for total coliform positive samples. The Director
can waive this requirement on a case by case basis.
A) The director may waive the requirement to
collect five routine samples the next month the
system provides water to the public if the
director performs a site visit before the end
of the next month the system provides water to
the public. Although a sanitary survey need
not be performed, the site visit must be
sufficiently detailed to allow the director to
determine whether additional monitoring and/or
any corrective action is needed.
B) The director may waive the requirement to
collect five routine samples the next month the
system provides water to the public if the
director has determined in writing why the
sample was total coliform positive and
establishes that the system has corrected the
problem or will correct the problem before the
end of the next month the system serves water
to the public. The written documentation must
describe the specific cause of the total
coliform-positive sample and what action the
system has taken and/or will take to correct
this problem. The director will not waive the
requirement to collect five routine samples the
next month the system provides water to the
public solely on the grounds that all repeat
samples are total coliform-negative. Under
this paragraph, a system must still take at
least one routine sample before the end of the
next month it serves water to the public and
use it to determine compliance with the MCL for
total coliforms in section 16.4.
e) Fecal Coliforms/E. Coli testing:
If any routine or repeat sample is total coliform
positive, the system must analyze the culture
medium to determine if fecal coliforms are present.
The system may test for E. Coli in lieu of fecal
coliforms. If either are present, the system must
notify the director by the end of that day or the
next business day if state offices are closed.
f) INVALIDATION OF SAMPLES 16.4
1) A total coliform sample invalidated under this
paragraph does not count towards meeting the
minimum monitoring requirements of this section.
2) The director will invalidate a total coliform-positive
sample only if:
i) The laboratory establishes that improper sample
analysis caused the total coliform-positive
result, and documents same in writing.
ii) The director determines that the total coliform
positive sample resulted from a domestic or
other non-distribution system plumbing problem.
iii) The director has substantial grounds to believe
that a total coliform-positive result is due to
a circumstance or condition which does not
reflect water quality in the distribution
system. (In this case, the system must still
collect all repeat samples required.
3) A total coliform-position sample will not be
invalidated solely on the grounds that all repeat
samples are total coliform negative.
4) A laboratory must invalidate a total coliform
sample, unless total coliforms are detected, if
i) the sample produces a turbid culture in the
absence of gas production using the method
cited in section 16.4 b) 4) a);
ii) the sample produces a turbid culture in the
absence of an acid reaction; using the method
cited in section 16.4 b) 4) c).
iii) it exhibits confluent growth, or produces
colonies too numerous to count, using the
method cited in section 16.4 b) 4) b).
5) If a laboratory invalidates a sample for the above
reasons, the system must collect another sample
from the same location as the original sample
within 24 hours of being notified of the result.
The system must continue to re-sample within 24
hours and have the samples analyzed until it
obtains a valid result. The director may extend
the 24-hour limit on a case-by-case basis if the
system has a logistical problem in collecting the
repeat samples within 24 hours that is beyond its
control. In the case of a extension, the director
will specify how much time the system has to
collect the repeat samples.
g) SANITARY SURVEYS: 16.4
1) Public water systems which do not collect five or
more routine samples/month must undergo an initial
sanitary survey by June 29, 1994 for community
public water systems and June 29, 1999 for non-community
water systems. Thereafter, systems must
undergo another sanitary survey every five years,
except that non-community water systems using only
protected and disinfected ground water as defined
by the director must undergo subsequent sanitary
surveys at least every ten years after the initial
sanitary survey.
2) Public water systems are responsible for making all
necessary facilities, personnel and records
available so that a sanitary survey may be
completed.
3) Deficiencies listed in a sanitary survey are
considered to be unsafe conditions and must be
addressed as provided for in Section 10 of these
regulations.
h) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: 16.4
1) The supplier of water must report to the director
any failure to comply with any drinking water
regulation within 48 hours, except where different
reporting is specified in these regulations.
2) A public water system which has exceeded the MCL
for total coliforms must report the violation to
the director no later than the end of the next
business day, and notify the public in accordance
with Section 16.8.
3) A public water system which has failed to comply
with a coliform monitoring requirement, including
the sanitary survey must report the monitoring
violation to the director within ten days after the
systems discovers the violation, and notify the
public in accordance with Section 16.8.
16.5 Radioactivity
a) Monitoring Frequency - Each source of a
community water system shall be analyzed for
gross alpha particle activity and, if necessary,
Radium 226 and Radium 228 at least once every 3
years. Each surface water source only of a
community water system shall be analyzed for
manmade radioactivity at least once every 4
years provided such system serves in excess of
100,000 persons.
b) Maximum Contaminant Level for Gross Alpha
Particle Activity and Radium 226 and 228 -
Piccoruries per Liter (pCi/1)
Contaminant
Radium 226 and Radium 228
Combined 5
Gross alpha particle
activity *15
*If the gross alpha particle activity is 5 pCi/1 or
less, there is no need to analyze for Radium 226
and Radium 228. If the gross alpha particle
activity exceeds 5 pCi/1, the sample must be
analyzed for Radium 226. If the concentration of
Radium 226 exceeds 3 pCi/1, the concentration of
Radium 228 shall be determined.
c) Maximum Contaminant Level for Manmade Beta
Particle and Photon Emitters - The average annual
concentration of manmade beta particle and photon
emitters shall not meet or exceed an annual dose
equivalent of 4 millirems/year.
Compliance may be assumed if the average annual
concentration of gross beta particle activity is
concentration of tritium and strontium 90 are less
than 20,000 pCi/1 and 8 pCi/1 respectively and the
sum of their annual dose equivalent does not
exceed 4 millirems/year.
d) Analytical Techniques - Analyses to determine
compliance with the radioactivity requirements
shall be made in accordance with the methods
specified in the sixteenth edition of "Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater" published by the American Public
Health Association, American Water Works
Association, Water Pollution Control Federation.
Compliance shall be based on a composite sample of
4 quarterly samples or the average result obtained
from the analyses of four samples collected at
four successive quarterly intervals.
16.6 Volatile Organic Chemicals
a) Maximum contaminant levels for certain volatile
organic chemicals:
Contaminant Milligrams per liter
Benzene 0.005
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.005
1, 2-Dichlorethane 0.005
Trichlorethylene 0.005
p-Dichlorobenzene 0.075
1,1,1-Dichloreoethylene 0.007
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.200
Vinyl Chloride* 0.002
*Analysis for vinyl chloride is required only for
groundwater systems that have detected one or
more of the following compounds
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene 1,
2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, cisl,
2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2 -dichloroethylene, or
1, 1-dichloroethylene.
b) Monitoring Frequency - Each active drinking water
source maintained by a water purveyor shall be
analyzed for volatile organic chemicals. During
periods of normal operating conditions, systems
must sample at each entry point to the
distribution system, and after any treatment
provided to one or more sources of water.
Surface water systems may sample at a location in
the distribution system that is representative of
each source and each location shall be sampled
once per quarter for four (4) consecutive
quarters. If detectable levels of one or more
volatile organic chemicals are found at a
sampling point, samples shall be repeated every
(3) months at that sampling point. If exceed
their respective maximum contaminant levels over
a period of three (3) consecutive years the
sampling frequency at that sampling point may be
reduced to annually. If not detectable levels of
one or more volatile organic chemicals are found
at a sampling point over four (4) consecutive
quarters of a surface water system over (2)
consecutive quarters of a groundwater system
monitoring must be repeated every 3 years.
c) Compliance - The running annual average of
quarterly samples analyzed for each sampling
location shall determine compliance. If the
running average for any sampling location exceeds
the maximum contaminant level or if any one
sample result would cause the annual average to
be exceeded for one or more volatile organic
chemicals, then the water source and the system
supplied by it or interconnected to it will be
out of compliance with these regulations. Any
quarterly sample exceeding a maximum contaminant
level shall be confirmed with a second sample and
the results of both samples shall be used for
compliance determination. Results of obvious
sampling errors may be deleted from this
calculation by the director.
d) Bottled water may be used on a temporary basis to
avoid an unreasonable risk to health. If bottled
water is used, it must be obtained from an
approved source. Public water systems shall not
use bottled water to achieve compliance with a
maximum contaminant level listed in Section 16.6
unless required by the director as a condition
for granting an exemption and providing there are
reasonable assurances that the bottled water will
not exceed all maximum contaminant levels.
e) Compliance with a maximum contaminant level shall
be achieved by installation of central treatment
using packed tower aeration or granular activated
carbon (excepting vinyl chloride). Point-of-use
or point of every devices may be used only as a
condition for obtaining a variance from the
requirement for adoption of central treatment
providing the devices and a monitoring plan for
their maintenance are approved by the director
prior to their installation, and that every
building connected to the water system has a
device installed, maintained and adequately
monitored by the public water system.
f) Analytical Techniques - Analyses under this
section shall be conducted only by laboratories
that have received conditional EPA or Department
of Health approval to conduct the following
methods of their equivalents: EPA Method 502.1,
502.2, 503.1, 524.1, 524.2, or 504.
16.7 Unregulated Contaminants - community water systems
shall monitor for the following contaminants:
Chloroform 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Bromodichloromethane 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Chlorodibromomethane Chlorethane
Bromoform 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2,2-Dichlorphropane
Chlorobenzene o-Chlorotoluene
m-Dichlorobenzene p-Chlorotoluene
Dichloromethane Bromobenzene
cis-1,2-Dichlorethylene 1,3-Dichloropropane
o-Dichlorobenzene Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
Dirboromoethane 1,2-Dibroma-3-chlorpropane
(DBCP)
1,1-Dichloropropene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Tetrachloroethylene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Toluene 1,2,3-Trichlorbenzene
p-Xylene n-Propylbenzene
m-Xylene n-Butylbenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane Naphthalene
1,2-Dichloropropane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Styrene Sec-butylbenzene
Chloromethane Fluorotrichloromethane
Bromomethane Dichlorodifluormehtane
Bromochlormethane
a) Monitoring Frequency - Each active drinking water
source maintained by a water purveyor shall be
analyzed for the unregulated contaminants listed in
this section. Systems must sample at each entry
pointing to the distribution system and after any
treatment provided to the sources of water. Each
entry point must be sampled for four (4) consecutive
quarters at least once every five (5) years for each
surface water source and at least one sample per
entry point to the distribution system every five
(5) years for each groundwater source beginning no
later than January 1, 1989 for water systems serving
3,300 or more persons, and no later than January 1,
1991 for water systems serving less than 3300
persons.
b) Notification - Upon completion of the sampling
required under this section, the water purveyor
shall notify persons served by the system of the
availability of the analytical results and shall
identify a person and telephone number of consent
for information regarding these results. The
notification shall be performed by either a notice
in the first set of water bills issued by the system
after the receipt of the results or written notice
within three (3) months.
c) Analytical Techniques - Analyses shall be conducted
only by a laboratory approved by EPA or the
Department of Health to perform volatile organic
chemical analyses by EPA methods 502.1, 502.1, 503.1,
524.1 or 524.2.
16.8 Public Notification
a) Any community water system which fails to comply
with a maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, or requirements of any schedule
prescribed pursuant to a variance or exemption
issued under these regulations or has an occurence
of a water-borne disease outbreak shall give notice
approved by the director, to the persons served by
the water system in each of the following manners:
i) publication within 14 days after the violation
or failure in a daily or weekly newspaper of
general circulation in the area that is served
by the system.
ii) mail delivery or hand delivery within 45 days
after the violation or failure or within 72
hours for violations determined by the director
to be acute, and to be repeated every 3 months
thereafter for as long as the violation or
failure exists. The director may waive the
requirement for mail delivery or hand delivery
of the notice if the violation or failure is
corrected within 45 days after the violation or
failure.
iii) furnishing a copy of the notice to radio and
television stations serving the area within 72 hours
after the violation of the maximum contaminant level
for nitrate or any maximum contaminant level
violation determined by the director to pose an
acute risk to human health.
b) Any community water system which fails to perform
monitoring of Unregulated Contaminants required by
Section 16.7 of the regulations or any other monitoring
requirement of these regulations, or fails to comply with
a testing procedure established in these regulations, or
is subject to an exemption or variance respecting a
maximum contaminant level or any treatment technique
requirement applicable to a national primary drinking
water regulation, shall notify persons served by the
system within three (3) months of the violation or
granting of a variance or exemption by publication in a
daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation in the
area served by the system. The content of this notice
shall be approved by the director. The owner or operator
of the public water system must give notice at least once
every three (3) months by mail delivery or by hand
delivery for as long as the violation exists. Repeat
notice of the existence of a variance related to Section
1303-1305 or 1600 of Public Law 93-523 as amended must be
given every three (3) months for as long as the variance
or exemption remains in effect.
c) Each time a public notice is issued by a water purveyor,
a copy must be submitted to the director within ten (10)
days of issuance.
d) The owner or operator of a community water system must
give a copy of the most recent public notice for any
outstanding violation of any maximum contaminant level,
or any treatment technique requirement, or any variance
or exemption to all new billing units or new hookups
prior to or at the time service begins.
e) Each notice must provide a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the violation, any
potential adverse health effects including the mandatory
health effects language specified in Appendix 2 the
population at risk, the steps that the public water
system is taking to correct such violation, the necessity
for seeking alternative sources of water, and any
preventative measures the consumer should take until the
violation is corrected. Each notice shall be conspicuous
and shall not contain unduly technical language and
unduly small print. Each notice shall include the
telephone number 0 the owner, operator, or designee of
the public water system as a source of additional
information. Where appropriate, the notice shall be
multi-lingual.
16.9 Records
a) Records of analyses shall be maintained by the water
purveyor. The records of each sample analyzed to comply
with these regulations shall contain the following
information:
1. The time, date, and place of sampling and the name
of the sample collector;
2. The sampling point and the reason for collection;
3. Date analysis started and completion date if more
than one day is needed;
4. Name of laboratory and person responsible for
performing the analysis;
5. The analytical technique or method used;
6. The results of the analysis.
b) Records of microbiological examinations shall be readily
available for at least 5 years.
c) Records or organic and inorganic chemical, radiological,
and turbidity analyses shall be readily available for at
least 10 years.
d) Any written document relating to a sanitary survey of a
public water system shall be kept for at least 10 years.
Records of action taken to correct a violation of these
regulations shall be kept for at least 3 years after the
last action taken with respect to the particular
violation involved.
e) Records concerning a variance or exemption granted to a
system shall be kept for at least 5 years following the
expiration date of such variance or exemption.
Section 17.0 NON-COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
17.1 Microbiological
a) Routine monitoring: Public water systems must collect
total coliform samples at sites which are representative
of water throughout the distribution system according to
a written sample siting plan. At least one
representative sample shall be collected each calendar
quarter when the system is in operation. These plans are
subject to review and revision by the director.
Monitoring Frequency: For total coliforms for non-community
water systems is as follows:
i) a non-community water system using only ground water
and serving 1,000 persons or fewer must monitor each
calendar quarter that the system provides water to
the public.
ii) a non-community water systems using only ground
water, and serving more than 1000 persons during any
month must monitor at the same frequency as a like-sized
community water system, as specified in section
1303 and 1305 of these regulations.
iii) A non-community water system using surface water in
total or in part, must monitor at the same frequency
as a like-sized community water system as specified
in section 1303 of these regulations.
iv) A non-community water system using ground water
under the direct influence of surface water, as
determine by the state, in total or in part must
monitor at the same frequency as a like-sized
community water system, as specified in Section 1303
of these regulations, within 6 months of said
determination by the director.
b) The following requirements for public water systems
found in Section 1303 also apply to non-community water
systems.
This includes Sections:
16.4a) 2) and 3) Routine Monitoring:
16.4b) Analytical Methodology;
16.4c) Maximum Contaminant Levels for
Microbiological Contaminants;
16.4d) Repeat Monitoring;
16.4e) Fecal Coliforms/E. coli testing;
16.4f) Invalidation of Samples;
16.4g) Sanitary Surveys
16.4h) Reporting Requirements
17.2 Nitrate
a) Maximum Contaminant Level - The maximum contaminant
level for nitrate (expressed as N)) is 10 milligrams
per liter. When the nitrate maximum contaminant level
is exceeded, a second analyses shall be initiated
within 24 hours, and if the mean of the two analyses
exceeds the maximum contaminant level the supplier shall
notify the director and initiate public notification.
b) Monitoring Frequency - The nitrate concentration of
each active drinking water source maintained by a water
purveyor shall be determined annually.
c) Analytical Techniques - Nitrate analyses shall be made
in accordance with methods specified in the sixteenth
edition "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater" published by the American Public Health
Association, American Water Works Association, Water
Pollution Control Federation.
17.3 Turbidity
Non-community water systems shall comply with the
requirements of Section 1303 - 1305.
17.4 Volatile Organic Chemicals
Non-transient non-community water systems shall be
required to monitor for volatile organic chemicals in
conformance with Section 1303.
17.5 Unregulated Contaminants
Non-transient non-community water systems shall be
required to monitor for unregulated contaminants in
conformance with Section 1303.
17.6 Public Notification
a) Any non-community water system which fails to
comply with a maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, or requirements of any schedule
prescribed pursuant to a variance or exemption
issued under these regulations, or which has an
occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak, shall
give notice to the persons served by the water
system within 14 days after the violation or
failure, or within 72 hours for violations
determined to be acute by the director. The
content of this notice shall be approved by the
director. The notice may be either by hand
delivery, or by continuous posting in conspicuous
places within the are served by the system.
Notices shall be repeated every 3 months for as
long as the violation or failure exists.
b) Any non-community non-transient water system
required to perform monitoring or contaminants
required by Sections 1303 and 1305 of these
regulations or testing procedures established in
the regulations, or subject to an exemption or
variance respecting a maximum contaminant level or
any treatment technique requirement applicable to a
national primary drinking water regulation shall
give notice within three (3) months of the
violation or the granting of the variance or
exemption to the persons served by the water
director. The notice may be either by hand
delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous
places within the area served by the system.
Posting must continue for as long as the violation
exists, or a variance or exemption related to
Section 1303 or 1305 of Public Law 93-523 as
amended remains in effect. Notice by hand delivery
must be repeated at least every three (3) months
for as long as the violation exists or a variance
or exemption remains in effect.
c) Each notice must provide a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the violation, any
potential adverse health effects including the
mandatory health effects language specified,
in Appendix 2, the population at risk, the steps
that the public water system is taking to correct
such violation, the necessity for seeking
alternative sources of water, and any preventative
measures the consumer should take until the
violation is corrected. Each notice shall include
the telephone number of the owner, operator, or
designee of the public water system as a source of
additional information. Where appropriate, the
notice shall be multi-lingual.
17.7 Records
a) Records of analyses performed by the water purveyor
shall be maintained by the water purveyor. The
records shall contain the following information:
1. The time, date, and place of sampling and the
name of the sample collector;
2. The sampling point and the reason for
collection,
3. Date analysis started and completion date if
more than one day is needed;
4. Name of laboratory and person responsible for
performing the analysis;
5. The analytical technique or method used; and
6. The results of the analysis.
b) Records of microbiological examinations shall
be readily available for at least 5 years and
records of nitrate analyses and turbidity
determinations shall be readily available for
years. Any written document relating to a sanitary
survey of a public water system shall be kept for
at least 10 years.
c) Records of action taken to correct a violation
of these regulations shall be kept for at least 3
years after the last action taken with respect to
the particluar violation involved.
d) Records concerning a variance or exemption
granted to a system shall be kept for at least 5
years following the expiration date of such
variance or grant
Section 18.0 CERTIFICATION OF OPERATORS OF DRINKING WATER
SUPPLY FACILITIES:
18.1 Committee for certification of operators of water
supply treatment facilities.
(1) There will be created an advisor committee for
certification of operators of water supply
treatment facilities to insure the proper
management, operation and maintenance of water
supply treatment facilities.
The advisory committee shall consist of five (5)
persons, including the chairman of the water
resources board, or his designee; and four (4)
members appointed by the director. Of the
appointed members, one (1) shall be a registered
professional engineer engaged in the practice of
water supply engineering, one (1) shall be from a
list of three qualified operators of a publicly
owned water supply treatment facility in the state
of Rhode Island which has been recommended which
has been recommended by the executive committee of
the Rhode Island Water Works Association,
one (1) shall be a director of a water supply
facility who has general supervisory authority for
a water supply treatment facility, and one (1)
shall be a representative of business or industry.
b) Each member of the advisory committee shall serve
for a term of four (4) years, provided, however,
that of the initial members appointed to the
committee by the director, one (1) shall be
appointed for a term of two (2) years, two (2)
shall be appointed for terms of three (3) years,
and one (1) shall be appointed for a term of four
(4) years. As the term of office of a member of
the committee expires, his successor shall be
appointed in like manner for a term of four (4)
years provided that a member shall continue to
serve until an appointment is made by the director.
Any vacancy shall be filled by the director for the
unexpired term.
c) Any member of the advisory committee may be removed
from office by the director for good cause.
18.2 Certification process.
A person who desires to be certified as an operator of
a drinking water supply facility shall file with the
advisory committee for certification of operators of
drinking water supply facilities, established by this
section, an application upon a form to be furnished by
said committee. He/she shall include in such
application under oath his qualification. If the
qualifications established by the director, and, if
he/she passes an examination satisfactory to the
director, the director shall issue him/her a
certification, which shall expire at the end of the
calendar year and may be renewed from year to year
thereafter.
18.3 Definitions - As used in this section.
a) "Operator" means and individual who is responsible
for one (1) or more mechanical treatment units,
processes or other important functions at a water
supply treatment facility.
b) "Superintendent" means the individual who is an
operator who is responsible for the management,
operation and maintenance of a water supply
treatment facility during all working shifts at
the facility and who shall hold a certificate
equal to the grade or classifications of the water
treatment to the grade or classification of the
water treatment facility. It does not apply to
any official who does not work at the water supply
treatment facility as an operator.
c) "Assistant superintendent" means the individual
who is an operator who is responsible for the
management, operation and maintenance of a water
supply treatment facility in the absence of the
superintendent and who shall have a certificate
equal to the grade or classification of the water
supply treatment facility.
d) "Water supply treatment facility" means an
arrangement of devices, equipment and structures
constructed and/or installed for the purpose of
treatment of water to be supplied to the public.
e) "Certificate" means a certificate of competency
issued by the director for certification of
operators of drinking water supply facilities to
an individual to operate one or more specified
classes of water supply treatment facilities.
f) "Advisory Committee" means the committee of
Certification established by Paragraph 18.1 to
insure the proper management, operation and
maintenance of water supply treatment facilities
by certifying an individual to be qualified to be
an operator.
18.4 Duties of the advisory committee.
The advisory committee shall:
a) Recommend to the Director a classification of all
water supply treatment facilities using surface
water or groundwater under the direct influence of
surface water as determined by the director as to
their size and type and recommend specifications
for certification of operators of each class of
water supply treatment facilities by June 30,
1991.
b) Recommend to the Director based on examination,
and from the applicant's training and experience,
the class of certificate, if any, he/she should be
issued. Examinations shall be held at least once
each year at a time and place designated by the
director or his designee. The advisory committee
shall recommend to the director an appropriate
time and place for each examination, the first
examination to take place no later than December
31, 1991.
c) Make recommendations to the director on the
issuance of a non-renewable provisional
certificate to an individual where the advisory
committee deems necessary: provided, however, that
any individual receiving a provisional certificate
shall pass the examinations and meet other
requirements for such position within one (1) year
after issuance of such certificate.
d) When making recommendations with regard to (a),
(b), (c), and (d) above, consider generally
applicable criteria, regulations and guidelines
developed by the Association of Boards of
Certification for operating personnel in water
utilities.
e) Keep records of its proceedings and of all
applications for certification.
f) Encourage all operators to attend classes,
seminars, and/or other educational programs
periodically to keep abreast of changes and
advances in the fields of water supply treatment
and management.
g) Work with the Tribal department of education and
organizations to establish various levels of
training courses, seminars and/or other educational
programs.
18.5 Mandatory certification of public water supply
operator.
It shall be unlawful after June 30, 1992 for any public
water supply system using surface water or groundwater
under the direct influence of surface water as
determined by the director to supply water for human
consumption unless the treatment of such water is under
the supervision of a superintendent or assistant
superintendent who is responsible for the management,
operation and maintenance of a water supply treatment
facility during all working shifts at the facility and
who shall hold a certificate equal to the grade or
classification of the water supply treatment facility,
established by this section or unless a temporary
emergency certification has been issued by the
director. The advisory committee shall advise the
director on the need for individual emergency
certifications for a duration of not more than six (6)
months. Violation of this section shall be considered
as a violation of Section 1303 and 1305 of the General
Laws of Narragansett Indian Tribe.
18.6 Applications.
a) Application for certification shall be made on
forms supplied by the director.
b) The advisory committee shall review applications
and supporting documents, and make recommendations
to the director on the eligibility of the applicant
for examination and notify the applicant of the
director's determination of eligibility.
18.7 Certification and revocation.
The advisory committee shall advise the director on the
following:
a) Upon satisfactory fulfillment by an applicant of
the provisions of this section the director
shall issue a suitable certificate designating
competency. This certificate shall expire at the
end of the calendar year and may be renewed from
year to year thereafter. The certificate shall
indicate the class of treatment facility for which
the operator is qualified. The certificate for
the superintendent and assistant superintendent
shall be prominently displayed in the office of
the water treatment facility.
b) Certificates may be issued, upon application,
without examination, in a comparable
classification to any individual who holds a
certificate issued by any state, territory or
possession of the United States, any country, if
in the judgement of the director the requirements
for certification of operators under which such
individual's certificate was issued are equivalent
to the provisions of these regulations. A
certificate issued under the provisions of this
subsection is valid at any water supply treatment
facility of that grade or classification as
specified by the Director.
c) Certificates will be issued upon application,
without examination, to those superintendents and
assistant superintendents of water supply
treatment facilities using surface water or
groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water employed as January 1, 1991, or the
director's direct influence determination,
whichever is later. However, these certificates
shall be issued within the class established by
the Director for the water supply facility
employing the operator.
d) The Director, may revoke the certificate of an
operator when it is found after such an individual
has been granted a hearing that he/she performed
his/her duties in a manner that produced a supply
that is out of compliance with these regulations or
that he/she has practiced fraud or deception; or
that reasonable care, judgement or the application
of his/her knowledge or ability was not used in the
performance of his/her duties or that an individual
is incompetent or unable to perform his/her duties
properly.
18.8 Violation.
Any person who violates the provision of Section
1305 or these regulations shall be subject to the
penalties and remedies set forth in Section 1305 of
the General Laws of Narragansett Indian Tribe.
Section 19.0 FEE SCHEDULE
19.1 Pursuant to the amended section 1305 of the General
Laws Section 1305 entitled "Public Drinking Water
Supply" the director is authorized to charge fees to
support the collection and analysis of samples that
are required to meet the minimum monitoring
requirements for public drinking water supplies.
19.2 Any Public Drinking Water Supply for which analytical
and collection services are provided by the R.I.
Department of Health to meet the minimum monitoring
requirements for public drinking water is liable for
payment of the fee for these services.
19.3 The fee for each chemical, radiological and
microbiological test required and conducted by the
Division of Laboratories shall be reasonable and
shall be determined on the basis of current costs for
conducting the analysis. Such cost shall include
administrative, personnel, equipment and such other
related costs which may be incurred in the analysis.
19.4 The fee for each collection of each sample by the
Division of Drinking Water Quality shall be
reasonable and shall be determined on the basis of
current costs for such service. Sampling fee will be
assessed for each on site visit to the supply for the
purpose of collecting samples. It is the
responsibility of the purveyor to make the necessary
operational arrangement for sampling. Scheduled on
site visits canceled in the field because of lack of
proper operational arrangement will be assessed the
sampling fee for the visit and any subsequent visit.
19.5 Payment for scheduled services will be required on
the due date. The Department of Health will provide
bills approximately six weeks in advance of the due
date. Billing will be on a quarterly basis. Payment
shall be made payable to the General Treasurer,
Narragansett Indian Tribe.
19.6 Services will be provided only if payment in full has
been received. It remains the responsibility of the
purveyor to meet all compliance testing requirements.
Section 20.0 RULES GOVERNING PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES
20.1 All hearings and reviews required under the
provisions of Chapter 1303-13 of the General Laws
Rhode Island, 1956, as amended, shall be held in
accordance with the provisions of the rules and
regulations promulgated by the Rhode Island
Department of Health entitled "Rules and Regulations
Governing the Practices and Procedures Before the
Narragansett Indian Tribe Department of Health
(R42-35-PP)".
Section 21.0 SEVERABILITY
21.1 If any provision of the rules and regulations herein
or the application thereof to any facility or
circumstances shall be held invalid, such invalidity
shall not affect the provisions or application of the
rules and regulations which can be given effect, and
to this end the provisions of the rules and
regulations are declared to be severable.
Appendix 1
Analytical Methodology
1. Microbiology (Section 1303 and 1305)
A. Total Coliform
i. Procedure
a) The presence or absence of total coliform
need only be determined. The total
coliform density is not required.
b) The standard sample volume for total
coliform analysis, regardless of the
analytical method used is 100 ml.
c) Multiple-Tube Fermentation (MTF)
Technique, as set forth in Standard Methods
for the examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1985, American Public Health
Association et al., 16th edition, Method
908, 908A, and 908B - pp. 870-878, except
that 10 fermentation tubes must be used; or
Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment, Water and Wastes, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
(EPA-600/8-78-017, December 1978, available from
ORD Publications, CERI, U.S. EPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268), Part III, Section
B.4.1-4.6.4, pp. 114-118 (Most Probable
Number Method), except that 10 fermentation
tubes must be used; or the MIF technique
may be modified by using either five tubes
(20-ml sample portions) or a single culture
bottle containing the culture medium for
the MTF Technique, i.e., lauryl tryptose
broth (formulated as described in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1985, American Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 1985, American Public
Health Association et al., 16 edition,
Method 908A-pp. 872), as long as a 100-ml
water sample is used in the analysis.
d) Membrance Filter (MF) Technique, set forth
in Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 1985, American Public
Health Association et al., 16th edition,
Method 909, 909A and 909B -pp. 886-896; or
Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment, Water and Wastes, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
(EPA-600/8-78-017, December 1978, available from
ORD Publications, CERI, U.S. EPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio (45268), Part III, Section
B.2.1-2.6, pp. 108-112; Total coliforms
must be verified in accordance with the
method above. If only A-typical colonies
are found, they must also be verified in
accordance with the above method. If
A-typical colonies are found to be total
coliform positive, the culture must be
transferred to determine the presence or
absence of fecal coliform or E coli in
accordance with the procedures in section B
of this appendix.
e) Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test, as
set forth in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1985,
American Public Health Association et al.,
16th edition, Method 908E -pp. 882-886; or
Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG (MMO-MUG) Test, as
set forth in the article "National Field
Evaluation of a Defined Substrate Method
for the Simultaneous Detection of Total
Coliforms and Escherichia coli from
Drinking Water: Comparisons with Presence-Absence
Techniques" (edberg et al.),
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Volume 55, pp. 1003-1008, April 1989.
(Note: The MMO-MUG Test is sometimes
referred to as the Autoanalysis Colilert
System.)
B. Fecal Coliform/Escherichia Coli
i. Procedure and Method
a) If any routine or repeat sample is total coliform
positive, the system must analyze the culture
medium to determine if fecal coliforms or E. Coli
organisms are present.
b) Public water systems need only determine the
presence or absence of fecal coliforms; a
determination of fecal coliform density is not
required.
c) Fecal Coliform analysis from MTF or P-A total
coliform technique samples must be conducted in
accordance with the following procedure. When
the MTF Technique or Presence-Absence (P-A)
Coliform Test is used to test for total
coliforms, shake the lactose-positive presumptive
tube or P-A bottle vigorously and transfer the
growth with a sterile 3-mm loop or sterile
applicator stick into brilliant green lactose
bile broth and EC medium to determine the
presence of total and fecal coliforms,
respectively.
Gently shake the inoculated EC tubes to insure
adequate mixing and incubate in a waterbath at
44.5 + 0.2 C for 24 + 2 hours. Gas production of
any amount in the inner fermentation tube of the
EC medium indicates a positive fecal coliform
test. The preparation of EC medium is described
in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater, American Public Health
Association, 16th Edition, Method 908C- pp. 879,
paragraph 1a.
d) Fecal Coliform from MF technique
Transfer colonies from a total coliform-positive
membrance to EC medium via a cotton swab, and
then remove it. The same cotton swab can also be
use to transfer the inoculum to other broth
media, for the verification process of the total
coliform test. Alternately, the laboratory can
choose to pick individual colonies on the
membrance filter for total coliform confirmation
and then swab the membrance filter for transfer
to EC medium.
If A-typical colonies are found to be total
coliform positive, based upon the verification
process, the resulting culture must be
transferred EC medium. Gently shake the
inoculated EC tube C for 24 + 2 hours. Gas
production of any amount in the EC medium
indicates a positive fecal coliform test.
e) E. coli from Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG Test
When the MMO-MUG Test is used for total coliform
detection the culture becomes yellow in color
after incubation (i.e., total coliform-positive),
the laboratory would detect the presence of E.
coli by placing the culture close to an
ultraviolet light source in a darkened
environment to detect fluorescence. Visible
fluorescence denotes the presence of E. coli.
f) E. coli from MTF or P-A total coliform technique
EC Medium Plus MUG
In this test, EC medium, as defined in the 16th
edition of Standard Methods (p. 879) (APHA 1985),
is supplemented with 50 mg/ml (final
concentration) of MUG.
Laboratories can transfer total coliform-positive
cultures from presumptive tubes or bottles to
tubes containing EC medium + MUG by traditional
methods.
After the laboratory inoculates and incubates the
broth at 44.5 degrees C for 24 hours, it observes
if fluorescence is visible when exposed to
ultraviolet light. Visible fluoresce denotes the
presence of E. coli.
g) E. coli from MF total coliform technique
EC Medium plus MUG
In this test, EC medium, as defined in the 16th
edition of Standard Methods (p. 879) (APHA 1985),
is supplemented with 50 mg/ml (final
concentration) of MUG.
Transfer colonies from a total coliform positive
membrane to EC Medium Plus MUG via a cotton Swab
and to a total coliform validation medium. The
swab cannot be left in either of the transfer
media.
After the laboratory inoculates and incubates the
broth at 44.5 degrees C for 24 hours, it observes
if fluorescence is visible when exposed to
ultraviolet light. Visible fluorescence denotes
the presence of E. coli.
h) E. coli from MF total - coliform positive
technique
Nutrient Agar Plus MUG
This test would be used to determine if typical
coliform colonies, which must be considered to be
total coliform positive for purposes of this test
are E. coli.
To perform the test the laboratory would transfer
a membrane filter containing a total coliform
colony(ies) to nutrient agar supplemented with
100 mg/ml (final concentration) of MUG. After
incubating the nutrient agar plate at 35 C for 4
hours, the laboratory would observe the
colony(ies) under ultraviolet light (366 nm) in a
darkened room for fluorescence. If fluorescence
is visible on a total coliform colony, E. coli is
present.
C. Heterotrophic Plate Count
Meterotrophic Plate Count - Method 907A (Pour
Plate Method), pp. 884-866, as set forth in
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1985, American Public Health
Association et al., 16th edition.
2. Inorganic Chemistry
A. Turbidity
Turbidity - Method 214A (Nephelometric
Method - Nephelometric Turbidity Units), pp. 134-136, as set
forth in Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 1985, American Public Health
Association et al., 16th edition.
B. Residual Disinfection
i. Chlorine Free and Combined
Residual disinfectant concentrations for free
chlorine and combined chlorine (chloramines)
must be measured by Method 408C (Amperometric
Titration Method), pp. 303-306, Method 408D DPD
Ferrous Tritrimetric Method), pp. 306-309,
Method 408E (DPD Colorimetic Method), pp. 309-310,
or Method 408F (Leuco Crystal Violet
Method), pp. 310-313, as set forth in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1985, American Public Health
Association et al., 16th edition. Residual
disinfectant concentrations for free chlorine
and combined chlorine may also be measured by
using DPD colorimetric test kits if approved by
the State.
ii. Ozone
Residual disinfectant concentrations for ozone
must be measured by the Indigo Method as set
from the in Bader, H., Hoigne, J.,
"Determination of Ozone in Water by the Indigo
Method; A Submitted Standard Method"; Ozone
Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 169-176,
Pergamon Press Ltd., 1982, or automated methods
which are calibrated in reference to the results
obtained by the Indigo Method on a regular
basis, if approved by the State.
Note: This method will be published in the
17th edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, American
Public Health Association et al., the
Iodometric Method in the 16th edition may not
be used.
iii. Chlorine dioxide
Residual disinfectant concentrations for
chlorine dioxide must be measured by Method
410B (Amperometric Method) or Method 410C (DPD
Method), pp. 322-324, as set forth in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1985, American Public Health
Association et al., 16th edition.
c. Temperature
Temperature - Method 212 (Temperature), pp.
126-127, as set fourth in Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1985,
American Public Health Association et al., 16th
edition.
D. pH
pH - Method 423 (pH Value), pp. 429-437, as set
forth in Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 1985, American Public
Health Association, 16th edition.
Appendix 2
Mandatory Health Effects Information
The following language must be included, word for word, in
any notice involving a violation related to one of the twelve
following contaminants.
1) 1,1-Dichloroethylene: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that 1,1-dichloreothylene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
used in industry and is found in drinking water as a
result of the breakdown of related solvents. The
solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals
and generally get into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause liver
and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals which cause adverse effects
in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health
effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over
long periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable
drinking water standards for 1,1-dichlorethylene at 0.007
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these
adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and should be considered safe.
2) 1,1,1-Trichlorethane: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that 1,1,1-trichlorethane is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
used as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It generally
gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous
system, and circulatory system of laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who
were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
during their working careers also suffered damage to the
liver, nervous system, and circulatory system. Chemicals
which cause adverse effects among exposed industrial
workers and in laboratory animals also may cause adverse
health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels
over long periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable
drinking water standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 0.2
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects which have been observed in
humane and laboratory animals. Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe.
3) 1,2-Dichloroethane: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane is a health
concern at certain levels or exposure. This chemical is
used as a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats, oils,
waxes, and resine. It generally gets into drinking water
by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may in-crease the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable drinking
water standard for 1,2-dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer other adverse
health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
4) Benzene: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that benzene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a solvent
and degreaser of metals. It is also a major component of
gasoline. Drinking water contamination generally results
from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum tanks or
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
associated with significantly increased risks of leukemia
among certain industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
working careers. This chemical has also been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at
lower levels over long periods of time. EPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for benzene 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed in
humans and laboratory animals. Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe.
5) Carbon tetrachloride: The United States Environmental
protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that carbon tetrachloride is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical was
once a popular household cleaning fluid. It generally
gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
at lower levels over long periods of time. EPA has set
the enforceable drinking water standard for carbon
tetrachloride at 0.-005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which
have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water
which meets this standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and should be considered safe.
6) Fecal coliforms/E. coli: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that the presence of fecal coliforms or E.
coli is a serious health concern. Fecal coliforms and E.
coli are generally not harmful themselves, but their
presence in drinking water is serious because they
usually are associated with sewage or animal wastes. The
presence of these bacteria in drinking water is generally
a result of a problem with water treatment or the pipes
which distribute the water, and indicates that the water
may be contaminated with organisms that can cause
disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, and possible jaundice, and associated headaches
and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just
associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking
water, but also may be caused by a number of factors
other than your drinking water. EPA has set an
enforceable drinking water standard for fecal coliforms
and E. coli to reduce the risk of these adverse health
effects. Under this standard all drinking water samples
must be free of these bacteria. Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little or none of
this risk and should be considered safe. Tribal health
authorities recommend that consumers take the following
precautions: (To be inserted by the public water system,
according to instructions from State authorities).
7) Fluoride: Contact the Narragansett Indian Tribe
Department of Health, Division of Drinking Water Quality
for required health effects language.
8) Microbiological contaminants: The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that the presence of
microbiological contaminants are a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. If water is inadequately
treated, microbiological contaminants in that water may
cause disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, and possible jaundice, and any associated
headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not
just associated with disease-causing organisms in
drinking water, but also may be caused by a number of
factors other than your drinking water. EPA has set
enforceable requirements for treating drinking water to
reduce the risk of these adverse health effects.
Treatment such as filtering and disinfecting the water
removes or destroys, microbiological contaminants.
Drinking water which is treated to meet EPA requirements
is associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe.
9) Para-dichlorobenzene: The United States Environmental
protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that paradichlorobenzene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
a component of deodorizers, moth balls, and pesticides.
It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. The chemical has been shown to cause liver and
kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals which cause adverse effects in
laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects
in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable drinking
water standard for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts
per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
10) Total coliforms: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards
and has determine that the presence of total coliforms
is a possible health concern. Total coliforms are
common in the environment and are generally not harmful
themselves. The presence of these bacteria in drinking
water, however, generally is a result of a problem with
water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water,
and indicates that the water may be contaminated with
organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms may
include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possible jaundice,
and any associated headaches and fatigue. These
symptoms, however, are not just associated with the
disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also
may be caused by a number of factors other than your
drinking water. EPA has set and enforceable drinking
water standard for total coliforms to reduce the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water which
meets this standard is usually not associated with a
health risk from disease-causing bacteria and should be
considered safe.
11) Trichloroethylene: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards
and has determined that trichloroethylene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
a common metal cleaning and dry cleaning fluid. It
generally gets into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer
in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. EPA
has set forth the enforceable drinking water standard
for trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm)
to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
12) Vinyl chloride: The United States Environmental Agency
(EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined
that vinyl chloride is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is used in industry
and is found in drinking water as a result of the
breakdown of related solvents. The solvents are used as
cleaners and degreasers of metals and generally get into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been associated with significantly
increased risks of cancer among certain industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical during their working careers. This
chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals when the animals exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial
workers and in laboratory animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
over long periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable
drinking standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in
humans and laboratory animals. Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe.
Recommend Health Effects Language
EPA is in the process of developing final mandatory health
effects language for additional contaminants. Until such
language is promulgated, recommended language is provided
below.
1) 2,4-D: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used to
control algae in reservoirs. It generally leaches into
groundwater or runs off into surface water after
application as a weed killer. This chemical has been
shown to produce adverse effects characterized by damage
to the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as
rats exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system.
EPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.01
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets
the EPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe with respect to
2,4-D.
2) 2,4,5-TP The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a herbicide. It generally
gets into water by runoff into surface water or leaching
into ground water. This chemical has been shown to
damage the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as
rats and dogs exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during working
careers also suffered damage to the nervous system. EPA
has set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.01
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets
the EPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe with respect to
2,4,5-TP.
3) Barium: The United State Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined
that barium is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in
some types of minerals that may serve as sources of
ground water. It is also used in oil and gas drilling
muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles and jet fuels. It
generally gets into drinking water after dissolving from
naturally occurring minerals in the ground. This
chemical has been shown to damage the heart and
cardiovascular system, and is associated with high blood
pressure in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes. EPA has set the
drinking water standard for barium at 1.0 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets the
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe with respect to
barium.
4) Cadmium: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that cadmium is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. Smoking of tobacco is a common
source of general exposure. This inorganic metal is a
contaminant in the metals used to galvanize pipe. It
generally gets into water by corrosion of galvanized
pipes or by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
been shown to damage the kidney in animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
during working careers also suffered damage to the
kidney. EPA has set the drinking water standard for
cadmium at 0.010 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe with respect to cadmium.
5) Chromium: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that chromium is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This inorganic metal occurs
naturally in the ground and is often used in the
electroplating of metals. It generally gets into water
from runoff from old mining operations and improper waste
disposal from plating operations. This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and the
circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to this
chemical suffered liver and kidney damage, dermatitis and
respiratory problems. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for Chromium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe with respect to chromium.
6) Lead: The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined
that lead is a health concern at certain exposure levels.
Lead is a soft, dull, gray metal that has frequently been
used in water supply plumbing materials, especially flux,
solder, pipes, and brass and bronze fixtures. Lead
usually contaminants drinking water as a result of the
corr+osion of these plumbing materials by the water they
carry. Lead has been shown to cause a variety of adverse
health effects in humans and animals. In humans,
lead has been shown to interfere with the formation of
red blood cells (home synthesis), cause anemia, cause
kidney damage, impair reproductive function, reduce birth
weight, cause kidney damage, impair reproductive
function, reduce birth weight, cause premature birth,
delay physical and mental development in babies and young
children, impair mental abilities in children, and
increase blood pressure in adults. Many of these effects
have been observed at relatively low exposure levels.
Studies on animals indicated that lead may also cause
cancer in high doses. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for lead at 0.05 ppm (parts per million) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is associated
with little of this risk and should be considered safe to
drink.
7) Lindane: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that lindane is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a
pesticide. It generally gets into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or leaching into ground water
after application to crops. This chemical has been shown
to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and immune
system of laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system
and circulatory system. EPA has established the drinking
water standard for lindane at 0.004 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe with respect to lindane.
8) Mercury: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that mercury is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This inorganic metal is used in
electrical equipment and some water pumps. It usually
gets into water as a result of improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the kidneys of
laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. EPA has set
the drinking water standard for mercury at 0.002 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets this
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe with respect to
mercury.
9) Methoxychhlor: The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that methoxychlor is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is
used as a pesticide. It generally gets into water by
runoff into surface water or leaching into ground water.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats exposed at high levels during their
lifetimes. It has also been shown to produce growth
retardation in rats. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for methoxychlor at 0.1 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.
10) Nitrate: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nitrate poses an acute health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical is
used in fertilizer, and is associated with sewage and
wastes from farm animals. It generally gets into water
from sewage or as a result of agricultural fertilizing
activity. Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water
have caused serious illness and sometimes death in young
children under one year of age. Infants are at the
greatest risk. The serious illness in children is caused
because nitrate is converted to nitrate in the body and
nitrate interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of
the child's blood. This is an acute disease in that the
child can exhibit symptoms within hours of consuming
water. Symptoms include shortness of breath and
blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice
should be sought if these sympyoms occur. However, they
do not always occur. The purpose of this notice is to
encourage parents and other responsible parties to
provide children with an alternate source of drinking
water. Tribal health authorities are the best source for
information concerning alternate sources of drinking
water for infants. You will receive notice as soon as a
determination has been made that the drinking water is
safe. EPA has set the drinking water standard at 10
parts per million (ppm) for nitrate to protect against
the risk of these adverse effects. Drinking water which
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should be considered safe with respect
to nitrate.
11) Selenium: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that selenium is a health concern at certain
high levels of exposure. Selenium is also an essential
nutrient at low levels of exposure. This inorganic
chemical is found naturally in soils and is used in
electronics, photocopy (operations, the manufacture of
glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a food
additive. This chemical has been shown to damage the
kidney, nervous system, and the circulatory system of
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical during working careers also
suffered damage to the liver, nervous system, and
circulatory system. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for selenium at 0.01 parts per million ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe with respect to selenium.
12) Toxaphene: The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that toxaphene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a
pesticide widely used on cotton, corn, soybeans,
pineapples and other crops. It generally gets into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching
into ground water. This chemical has been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time. EPA has set
the drinking water standard for toxaphene at 0.005 parts
per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and should be considered safe with respect to toxaphene.
13) Turbidity: The United States Protection Agency (EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that
the turbidity, or cloudiness, of drinking water is a
measure of the minute particles suspended in the water
that can interfere with disinfection and with testing
for bacteria. Excessive turbidity can allow disease-causing
organisms to survive. EPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for turbidity at 1
turbidity unit (TU) as determined by a monthly average
of daily results, and 5 TU based on an average of two
consecutive days, to reduce, the risk of health effects
associated with particles suspended in water. Drinking
water which meets this standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe.
The foregoing Emergency, Rules and Regulations
Pertaining to Public Drinking Water 1303 & 1305 are
hereby adopted and refiled with the Tribal Clerks Office
on this 9th day of May 1991 to become effective
immediately, in accordance with the provisions of
section 1303 of the General Laws of Narragansett Indian
Tribe as amended.
Appendix 3
List of Potential Sources of Groundwater Contamination
Airports- Commercial (maintenance & Landfills
repair, fuel storage)
Machine Shops
Automotive Repair Shops
Metal & Drum Cleaning/
Automotive Body Shop Reconditioning
Boat Builders & Refinishers Paint Shops
Bus & Truck Terminals Photographic Processors
Chemical Manufacturers Printers, Blueprint Shops
Dry Cleaners Railroad Yards
Dumps Repair Shops (engines,
appliances, etc.)
Fuel Oil Distributors
(product storage, equipment Rust Proofers
maintenance & storage)
Service Stations (gas stations)
Furniture Strippers, Refinishers
Waste Storage, Treatment &
Industrial Manufacturers Recycling (hazardous &
non-hazardous waste)
Junkyards & Salvage Yards
Agricultural Related Activities Military Facilities (past &
(pesticide & fertilizer present)
storage & application, machinery
maintenance & fueling) Nursing Homes
Asphalt, Coal, Tar & Concrete Pipelines (oil & sewer)
Companies
Prisons
Car Dealers
Research Laboratories
Dredge Disposal Sites
Road Salt Storage
Medical Facilities (hospitals
clinics, laboratories) Schools, Colleges & Trade
Centers
Wastewater Treatment Plants
(past or present sludge
disposal)
Wood Preserves
Animal Care & Holding Areas Residential Development
(stables, kennels, pet shops) (lawn care, septic systems)
Auto Parts Stores Restaurants & Taverns
Beauty Salons Retail Shopping Centers, Malls
Construction Sites Sand & Gravel Mining Operations
Food Processors Sawmills
(meat packers, dairies, bakeries)
Stormwater Management
Funeral Homes & Cemeteries Facilities (leaching systems)
Golf Courses Transmission Line Rights of Way
Hotels & Motels Transportation corridors (road
deicing, materials transport)
Land Application of Sewage Sludge
Utility Substations/
Laundromats Transformers
Nurseries Waste Transfer Stations
CHECKLIST OF PUBLIC NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS - SEE HARD COPY
CHECKLIST OF PUBLIC NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS CON'T - SEE HARD COPY
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